Hadi Sichani Pegah, Alavi Seyyed Mohammad, Mahmoodi Marzieh, Entezari Meybodi Mohammad Javad, Amiri Seyyed Mojtaba, Mahmoudi-Zadeh Melika, Shateri Zainab, Nouri Mehran
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jun 14;44(1):197. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00975-3.
Diet can directly affect the quality of semen. According to our knowledge, no study has assessed the relationship between the global diet quality score (GDQS) and the prime diet quality score (PDQS) with infertility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between GDQS and PDQS and sperm quality parameters.
In the present cross-sectional study, 260 men with infertility were selected from a major infertility clinic in Isfahan Province, Iran. Four semen parameters were evaluated: semen volume, normal sperm morphology, sperm concentration, and total sperm motility. Also, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprising 168 items was employed to assess the food intake of participants. Moreover, logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between GDQS and PDQS with sperm parameters.
The findings showed lower odds of abnormal sperm concentration associated with each unit increase in GDQS (odds ratio (OR) = 0.854, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.764-0.954, p = 0.005), health-positive foods of GDQS (GDQS+) (OR = 0.816, 95% CI: 0.717-0.928, p = 0.002), PDQS (OR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.814-0.978, p = 0.015), and healthy food groups of PDQS (PDQS+) (OR = 0.825, 95% CI: 0.734-0.926, p = 0.001).
The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest a potential association between adherence to a healthy and high-quality diet and higher sperm concentration among men with infertility. Further research, particularly well-designed prospective and interventional studies, is needed to better understand the temporal and causal relationships between diet quality and male reproductive health.
饮食可直接影响精液质量。据我们所知，尚无研究评估全球饮食质量评分（GDQS）和优质饮食质量评分（PDQS）与不孕症之间的关系。因此，本研究的目的是调查GDQS和PDQS与精子质量参数之间的关系。
在本横断面研究中，从伊朗伊斯法罕省的一家主要不孕症诊所选取了260名不育男性。评估了四项精液参数：精液量、正常精子形态、精子浓度和总精子活力。此外，采用一份经过验证的包含168个条目的食物频率问卷（FFQ）来评估参与者的食物摄入量。此外，使用逻辑回归来评估GDQS和PDQS与精子参数之间的关系。
研究结果显示，GDQS每增加一个单位，精子浓度异常的几率降低（优势比（OR）=0.854，95%置信区间（CI）：0.764 - 0.954，p = 0.005），GDQS中的健康正向食物（GDQS+）（OR = 0.816，95%CI：0.717 - 0.928，p = 0.002）、PDQS（OR = 0.892，95%CI：0.814 - 0.978，p = 0.015）以及PDQS中的健康食物组（PDQS+）（OR = 0.825，95%CI：0.734 - 0.926，p = 0.001）也有同样情况。
这项横断面研究的结果表明，坚持健康、高质量饮食与不育男性较高的精子浓度之间可能存在关联。需要进一步的研究，特别是设计良好的前瞻性和干预性研究，以更好地理解饮食质量与男性生殖健康之间的时间和因果关系。
