Ma Cuixue, Gao Xinyu, Li Kongwei, Liu Yin, He Yuan, Zhang Yang, Lei Wei
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervene, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjang, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Jun 10;13:e19352. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19352. eCollection 2025.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. As aging populations grow and lifestyle changes, the incidence of CAD is escalating. Traditional biomarkers for CAD diagnosis, such as creatine kinase-muscle brain (CK-MB), troponins, and n-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), are influenced by age, sex, the presence of chest pain, and renal function levels. However, since these biomarkers are also detected in many other diseases such as heart failure, chronic renal failure, pulmonary embolism, or septic shock, explore and identification of novel unique biomarkers for CAD are of clinical significance. Exosomes containing non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids can serve as biomarkers and regulators for regulate various biological processes. Exosomal non-coding RNAs have been identified as risk factors for CAD and pivotal elements in cellular functions, making them significant candidates for CAD diagnosis and prognosis. This review elaborates on the current understandings of CAD, highlights the important roles of exosomal non-coding RNAs in CAD diagnosis and treatment, and concludes with future perspectives.
冠状动脉疾病（CAD）是全球范围内主要的死亡原因。随着人口老龄化加剧和生活方式的改变，CAD的发病率正在不断上升。用于CAD诊断的传统生物标志物，如肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白和N末端B型脑钠肽原（NT-proBNP），会受到年龄、性别、胸痛症状以及肾功能水平的影响。然而，由于这些生物标志物在许多其他疾病如心力衰竭、慢性肾衰竭、肺栓塞或感染性休克中也能检测到，因此探索和鉴定CAD的新型独特生物标志物具有临床意义。含有非编码RNA、蛋白质和脂质的外泌体可作为生物标志物和调节剂，调节各种生物学过程。外泌体非编码RNA已被确定为CAD的危险因素和细胞功能的关键要素，使其成为CAD诊断和预后的重要候选物。本综述阐述了目前对CAD的认识，强调了外泌体非编码RNA在CAD诊断和治疗中的重要作用，并对未来进行了展望。
