Natarajan Vignesh
School of Biosciences Engineering and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Bhopal University, KothriKalan, Bhopal, 466114, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Jun 17;207(8):178. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04383-3.
Succinic acid (SA) necessitates thorough examination regarding its biological production pathway. The energy-dependent biosynthesis of SA and the resulting intracellular redox imbalance contribute to reduced SA productivity. Co-culture fermentation that combines aerobic yeast and facultative bacteria demonstrates a dual benefit for microbial growth and SA production. The optimization of the fermentation process with native SA producers resulted in higher SA titer values. The intermittent addition of bicarbonate salts increased SA production to 3.86 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹ during the anaerobic fermentation of Actinobacillus succinogenes. Fed-batch fermentation of acetic acid enhanced SA production to 12 g/L via a glyoxylate shunt in Yarrowia lipolytica. The immobilization of SA-producing microbial strains enhanced continuous fermentation, resulting in SA titers and productivity of 69 g/L and 35.6 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. Metabolic enhancements of SA yield are increasingly documented through various rational engineering approaches applied to bacterial and yeast strains. This review paper aims to analyze the challenges associated with conventional SA fermentation processes. This work examines literature on SA production from lignocellulosic biomass, offering a comprehensive analysis of the valorization of complex biological resources. This paper emphasizes recent advancements in SA yields, reaching nearly 0.98 g SA/g substrate, attained through innovative methodologies.
琥珀酸（SA）的生物合成途径需要进行全面研究。SA的能量依赖性生物合成以及由此产生的细胞内氧化还原失衡导致SA生产力降低。将需氧酵母和兼性细菌结合的共培养发酵对微生物生长和SA生产具有双重益处。对天然SA生产者的发酵过程进行优化可得到更高的SA滴度值。在产琥珀酸放线杆菌的厌氧发酵过程中，间歇性添加碳酸氢盐可使SA产量提高至3.86 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹。通过解脂耶氏酵母中的乙醛酸循环，乙酸的补料分批发酵可使SA产量提高至12 g/L。固定化产SA微生物菌株可增强连续发酵，SA滴度和生产力分别达到69 g/L和35.6 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹。通过应用于细菌和酵母菌株的各种合理工程方法，越来越多地证明了SA产量的代谢增强。这篇综述文章旨在分析传统SA发酵过程中存在的挑战。这项工作研究了关于从木质纤维素生物质生产SA的文献，对复杂生物资源的价值化进行了全面分析。本文强调了通过创新方法使SA产量达到近0.98 g SA/g底物的最新进展。
