Burma Nicole E, Ramien Michele L
Division of Dermatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Division of Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
JID Innov. 2025 Mar 18;5(4):100363. doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100363. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, immune-mediated nonscarring alopecia. Breakdown of immune privilege combined with local immune cell infiltration is central to the development of AA; yet, the instigating factors causing immune dysregulation remain elusive. Recent attention has focused on the microbiome in AA, where alterations to the usual composition of healthy microorganisms is observed. This review examines the current evidence for bacterial dysbiosis affecting the scalp and gut of patients with AA and summarizes the potential influence of altered microbial composition on immune dysregulation in AA. Although the literature supports changes to the bacterial composition of patients with AA, a causal link between microbial dysbiosis and AA pathogenesis remains to be established.
斑秃（AA）是一种常见的、免疫介导的非瘢痕性脱发。免疫豁免的破坏与局部免疫细胞浸润相结合是斑秃发病的核心；然而，导致免疫失调的诱发因素仍然难以捉摸。最近的研究重点集中在斑秃患者的微生物群上，其中观察到健康微生物的正常组成发生了改变。这篇综述探讨了目前关于细菌失调影响斑秃患者头皮和肠道的证据，并总结了微生物组成改变对斑秃免疫失调的潜在影响。尽管文献支持斑秃患者的细菌组成发生了变化，但微生物失调与斑秃发病机制之间的因果关系仍有待确立。
