Kayani Kawan F
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Kurdistan 46001 Iraq
RSC Adv. 2025 Jun 18;15(25):20168-20182. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03056k. eCollection 2025 Jun 10.
In recent years, pharmaceuticals have become a major environmental issue due to their ongoing release and persistence in aquatic ecosystems, even at low concentrations. Among various solutions, bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (BMOFs) have attracted considerable attention. This is not only because of their tunable pore structures, large surface area, and excellent reactivity but also due to the incorporation of multiple metal ions, which enhance their ability to remove and degrade pharmaceutical residues. This review provides a detailed analysis of the advantages of BMOFs, introduces the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues and their toxic effects on the environment and humans, and, for the first time, explores their applications in removing pharmaceutical residues. Additionally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives for BMOFs, aiming to advance their development and maximize their potential in environmental applications. We aim to provide detailed and meaningful insights to researchers in both materials science and environmental studies, thereby driving advancement in this interdisciplinary arena.
近年来，由于药物持续释放并在水生生态系统中持久存在，即便浓度很低，药物已成为一个重大的环境问题。在各种解决方案中，双金属金属有机框架（BMOFs）已引起了相当大的关注。这不仅是因为它们具有可调节的孔结构、大表面积和出色的反应活性，还因为引入了多种金属离子，这增强了它们去除和降解药物残留的能力。本综述详细分析了BMOFs的优势，介绍了药物残留的存在情况及其对环境和人类的毒性影响，并首次探讨了它们在去除药物残留方面的应用。此外，我们讨论了BMOFs当前面临的挑战和未来前景，旨在推动其发展并最大限度地发挥其在环境应用中的潜力。我们旨在为材料科学和环境研究领域的研究人员提供详细且有意义的见解，从而推动这一跨学科领域的进步。
