Lovely Belladini, Fauziyyah Hasna Amalia, Krisdayanti Shendy, Irsyada Muhamad Zakky, Efiyanti Lisna, Rengga Wara Dyah Pita, Hastuti Novitri, Ilyas R A, Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz, Knight Victor Feizal
Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Central Java, Indonesia.
Bioresour Bioprocess. 2025 Jun 19;12(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s40643-025-00880-x.
As the world's top producers of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), Indonesia and Malaysia are urged to propose a value-added valorization of its lignocellulosic biomass, oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Meanwhile, the nations' signature 'batik' textile industries are in dire need of optimum remediation treatments of their wastewater high in harmful dyes and chemicals. Organic-inorganic hybrid systems of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for heavy metals removal were prepared using OPEFB-based cellulose acetate (CA) and zinc oxide (ZnO; 0.5, 0.75, 1%, w/v) in N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP; 89, 90, 91%, v/v). The high crystallinity (62.42%) and fibrils' web-like structure of OPEFB-CA were confirmed. Microscopic observation of OPEFB CA-NMP-ZnO membranes evidenced the porous yet smooth surface due to the use of plasticizing NMP, as well as uniform dispersion of ZnO particles. MMM 2 (0.75%ZnO; 90%NMP) was the best-performing membrane mechanically with excellent tensile strength (1.78 MPa), Young's modulus (0.13 GPa), and elongation-at-break (2.59%), while thermal stability (T, 291 °C) improvement was also highlighted. Pores characteristics on size, volume, and surface area were discussed, too. Remediation performance was excellent even at high (20%) effluent concentration reaching 28% and 65% removal of Cu and Pb, respectively, by MMM 1 (0.5%ZnO; 89%NMP). These findings confirmed the promising prospect of the developed membranes as a wastewater remediation treatment, including in textile industries.
作为世界上最大的油棕(油棕榈)生产国,印度尼西亚和马来西亚被敦促对其木质纤维素生物质——油棕空果串(OPEFB)进行增值利用。与此同时,这两个国家标志性的“蜡染”纺织工业迫切需要对含有大量有害染料和化学品的废水进行优化处理。使用基于OPEFB的醋酸纤维素(CA)和氧化锌(ZnO;0.5%、0.75%、1%,w/v)在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP;89%、90%、91%,v/v)中制备了用于去除重金属的混合基质膜(MMM)有机-无机混合体系。证实了OPEFB-CA具有高结晶度(62.42%)和纤维状网状结构。对OPEFB CA-NMP-ZnO膜的显微镜观察表明,由于使用了增塑剂NMP,其表面多孔但光滑,并且ZnO颗粒分散均匀。MMM 2(0.75%ZnO;90%NMP)在机械性能方面表现最佳,具有出色的拉伸强度(1.78MPa)、杨氏模量(0.13GPa)和断裂伸长率(2.59%),同时热稳定性(T,291°C)也有所提高。还讨论了孔径、孔体积和比表面积等孔特征。即使在高(20%)废水浓度下,MMM 1(0.5%ZnO;89%NMP)对铜和铅的去除率分别达到28%和65%,修复性能也非常出色。这些发现证实了所开发的膜作为废水修复处理手段的广阔前景,包括在纺织工业中的应用。
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