Azibere Samuel, Borovik Michael, Hall Andrew F, Sell Scott A, Martin R Scott
Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jun 20. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-05958-1.
In this paper, we undertook an in-depth investigation of the parameters that can be optimized to create FDM-based devices (both static and fluidic) that are leak-free and can be used for cell culture. Two different types of FDM printers (Stratasys Fortus 250mc and Bambu Lab P1S/X1-carbon) were utilized and devices were printed with a polystyrene filament, since this polymer is commonly used to make cell culture flasks. Stratasys-printed devices were made leak-free by increasing the negative "air gap" values to offset the toolpath, which significantly minimized voids between layers. Bambu Lab-based devices exhibited no leakage when printed with the ironing variable enabled. These parameters were optimized based on the design (static vs. fluidic), and the final devices were able to withstand leakage when subjected to flow experiments. It was found that these devices led to the successful culture of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and a comparison was made to culturing these cells on a PolyJet-based device (printed with VeroClear material). NMR analysis was employed to determine if any potential leachates of polystyrene resulted after printing of the devices. Finally, fiber scaffolds were integrated into devices to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) and to demonstrate the ability to perform cell culture under flow conditions in such devices. It is clear that with the developed settings, robust fluidic devices for cell culture can be created and used for the successful culture of endothelial and epithelial cells.
在本文中，我们对可优化的参数进行了深入研究，以制造基于熔融沉积成型（FDM）的设备（包括静态和流体设备），这些设备无泄漏且可用于细胞培养。我们使用了两种不同类型的FDM打印机（Stratasys Fortus 250mc和Bambu Lab P1S/X1-carbon），并用聚苯乙烯长丝打印设备，因为这种聚合物常用于制造细胞培养瓶。通过增加负“气隙”值来抵消刀具路径，使Stratasys打印的设备无泄漏，这显著减少了层间空隙。启用熨烫变量打印时，基于Bambu Lab的设备无泄漏现象。这些参数根据设计（静态与流体）进行了优化，最终的设备在进行流动实验时能够承受泄漏。结果发现，这些设备成功培养了牛肺动脉内皮细胞和Madin-Darby犬肾细胞，并与在基于PolyJet的设备（用VeroClear材料打印）上培养这些细胞进行了比较。采用核磁共振（NMR）分析来确定设备打印后是否产生了聚苯乙烯的任何潜在浸出物。最后，将纤维支架集成到设备中以模拟细胞外基质（ECM），并展示在这种设备的流动条件下进行细胞培养的能力。显然，通过所开发的设置，可以制造出坚固的用于细胞培养的流体设备，并用于内皮细胞和上皮细胞的成功培养。
