Yang Zhuo, Huang Yanan, Zhou Weicheng, Fan Hong, Ding Zhihao, Yan Xu, Lu Yu, Sigov Alexander S, Huang Wei, Gao Lijun, Huang Cheng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical Industry, College of Energy, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.
Physics and Energy Department, Volta and DiPole Materials Labs, International Joint MetaCenter for Advanced Photonics and Electronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University, 1188 Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug;12(30):e03113. doi: 10.1002/advs.202503113. Epub 2025 Jun 23.
Rechargeable alkali metal-chlorine batteries are emerging as a promising high-energy-density solution. However, they confront significant challenges, including the primary issue stemming from the weak binding affinity of cathode materials for Cl, which leads to a sluggish and inadequate supply of Cl during the redox reactions, resulting in a shortened cycle life and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), particularly when operating at ultrahigh specific capacity outputs. Herein, an AlO-skinned heterostructured starburst porous graphene with conformal metasurfaces (AlO@rGO) is reported, crafted from a hierarchical porous starburst graphene arranged in a unique layered structure by the PTFE microemulsion skin effect, leveraging subsequent fluidized bed atomic layer deposition (FBALD) of AlO groups. AlO@rGO features superhydrophilicity, effective adsorption, fast kinetics from stable dynamic respiratory interface, high electrical and thermal conductivity anisotropy, intelligent thermal management and safe operation over a wide temperature range. Consequently, the Li-Cl@AlO@rGO battery achieves an ultrahigh discharge specific capacity of 5000 mAh g at ≈100% CE, and even delivers stable cycling over 200 cycles with 2000 mAh g at an average CE of 99.8% under low temperature environment of -40 °C. The scalable heterostructure approach offers a sustainable perspective of the development of functionalized metamaterials and metasurfaces for next-generation safe and energy-dense batteries and broader applications.
可充电碱金属氯电池正成为一种很有前景的高能量密度解决方案。然而，它们面临着重大挑战，包括阴极材料对氯的弱结合亲和力所引发的首要问题，这导致氧化还原反应过程中氯的供应缓慢且不足，从而缩短循环寿命并降低库仑效率（CE），特别是在超高比容量输出下运行时。在此，报道了一种具有共形超表面的AlO包覆异质结构星爆多孔石墨烯（AlO@rGO），它由通过聚四氟乙烯微乳液皮效应排列成独特层状结构的分级多孔星爆石墨烯制成，并利用随后的AlO基团流化床原子层沉积（FBALD）。AlO@rGO具有超亲水性、有效吸附性、来自稳定动态呼吸界面的快速动力学、高电导率和热导率各向异性、智能热管理以及在宽温度范围内的安全运行。因此，Li-Cl@AlO@rGO电池在≈100%的CE下实现了5000 mAh g的超高放电比容量，甚至在-40°C的低温环境下，以2000 mAh g的平均CE在200次循环中实现了稳定循环。这种可扩展的异质结构方法为下一代安全且能量密集型电池以及更广泛应用的功能化超材料和超表面开发提供了可持续的前景。
