Johnson L C, Letzel H, Kleinschmidt J
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1985;56(2):99-110. doi: 10.1007/BF00379381.
Ten healthy subjects were exposed to passive smoking at a high level corresponding to 25-30 ppm CO in the ambient air for 3 h. All subjects were exposed at the same time in a climatic chamber especially designed for exposure experiments. Despite an identical exposure rate considerable interindividual variability of subsequent nicotine and cotinine levels in saliva, plasma and 24-h urine were observed. This variability was more prominent in nicotine than in cotinine levels. The kinetic pattern as reflected by saliva levels for up to 24 h was consistent with previous data found in active smokers. Nicotine levels found in saliva were markedly influenced by repeated sampling. This was not the case for cotinine levels. With regard to laboratory techniques RIA seems to be more sensitive than gas chromatography (GC). The results of this study suggest that measuring cotinine levels in 24-h urine with RIA is presently the most sensitive and reliable criterion for estimating exposure to passive smoking and for validating questionnaires or interviews about short-term exposure to passive smoking.
十名健康受试者在环境空气中一氧化碳含量相当于25 - 30 ppm的高浓度被动吸烟环境中暴露3小时。所有受试者同时在一个专门为暴露实验设计的气候舱中接受暴露。尽管暴露率相同，但在唾液、血浆和24小时尿液中，后续尼古丁和可替宁水平存在相当大的个体间差异。这种差异在尼古丁水平上比在可替宁水平上更为显著。长达24小时的唾液水平所反映的动力学模式与先前在主动吸烟者中发现的数据一致。唾液中发现的尼古丁水平受到重复采样的显著影响。可替宁水平则并非如此。就实验室技术而言，放射免疫分析（RIA）似乎比气相色谱法（GC）更灵敏。本研究结果表明，目前用放射免疫分析测定24小时尿液中的可替宁水平是估计被动吸烟暴露以及验证关于短期被动吸烟暴露的问卷或访谈的最灵敏可靠标准。
