Fang Jiaxin, Lin Xiaohong, Wei Changyun, Wang Qianlu, Lin Keke, Zhang Shuping, Zhao Peiyu, Li Xiangru, Liu Hongxia
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jun 10;12:1467667. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1467667. eCollection 2025.
Dietary behaviour among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is a critical factor influencing long-term postoperative outcomes. However, research focusing on the dietary behaviour of KTRs remains limited. The aim of this study was to examine the dietary behaviour and explore the influencing factors of dietary behaviour in KTRs based on a health promotion model.
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 289 KTRs from four hospitals were recruited from October 2022 to March 2023 by convenience sampling method. Participants completed a survey consisting of a general information questionnaire, the Dietary Self-management Ability Scale, the Perceived Dietary Behaviour Benefit and Barrier Questionnaire, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Adapted Health Eating Cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire. The survey was administered both online and on-site. Data were analysed with Spearman's correlation analysis and path analysis.
Dietary behaviour was at moderate level, with an index score of 78%. Depression ( = -0.207, < 0.001), perceived behaviour benefits ( = 0.220, < 0.001), perceived behaviour barriers ( = -0.234, < 0.001), attitude ( = 0.135, = 0.026), and social support ( = 0.166, = 0.001) directly predicted dietary behaviour, while depression, attitude, and social support exhibited indirect effect on dietary behaviour.
Medical staff could help KTRs change their poor dietary attitude and negative mode, guide them to receive more social support and perceived benefits, reduce their perceived barriers. These positive shifts could ultimately facilitate the emergence of healthy dietary behaviour and enhancement of quality of life.
肾移植受者（KTRs）的饮食行为是影响术后长期预后的关键因素。然而，针对KTRs饮食行为的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在基于健康促进模型，调查KTRs的饮食行为并探索其饮食行为的影响因素。
这是一项横断面研究。2022年10月至2023年3月，采用便利抽样法从四家医院招募了289名KTRs。参与者完成了一项调查，该调查包括一般信息问卷、饮食自我管理能力量表、感知饮食行为益处与障碍问卷、自评抑郁量表以及改编后的健康饮食认知信念问卷。该调查通过线上和线下方式进行。采用Spearman相关分析和路径分析对数据进行分析。
饮食行为处于中等水平，指数得分为78%。抑郁（r = -0.207，P < 0.001）、感知行为益处（r = 0.220，P < 0.001）、感知行为障碍（r = -0.234，P < 0.001）、态度（r = 0.135，P = 0.026）和社会支持（r = 0.166，P = 0.001）直接预测饮食行为，而抑郁、态度和社会支持对饮食行为表现出间接影响。
医务人员可以帮助KTRs改变不良的饮食态度和消极模式，引导他们获得更多的社会支持和感知益处，减少他们感知到的障碍。这些积极的转变最终可以促进健康饮食行为的出现并提高生活质量。
