Shetty Shriya C, Gowda Lakshya S, Jacob Ankeeta Menona, Shetty Kalidas, Shetty A Veena
Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India.
Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore 574199, India.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jun 15;14(6):607. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14060607.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a serious public health threat worldwide. Among the various surveillance domains, hospital wastewater (HWW) has been overlooked, and it is the major reason for the threats posed by AMR. Therefore, the HWW domain is of paramount importance for tackling the AMR. In this regard, the present study investigated the occurrence of Gram-negative bacteria from HWW and evaluated the isolates' multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pattern in the study environment.
This descriptive study involves HWW samples ( = 24) consecutively collected across 6 months. The samples were cultured for bacteria, identified, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing via Kirby-Bauer. PCR confirmed the presence of drug-resistance genes in Gram-negative bacterial isolates.
High rates of resistant to carbapenems and cephalosporins observed in isolates from final treated effluent. The molecular screening showed D, E, G, A1, A2, , quinolones, A, B, S, and .
Overall, our results suggest that microbiological surveillance and identification of resistance genes of clinically important pathogens in HWW can be a general screening method for early determination of under-detected antimicrobial resistance profiles in hospitals and early warning of outbreaks and difficult-to-treat infections.
背景/目的：抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）已成为全球严重的公共卫生威胁。在各个监测领域中，医院废水（HWW）一直被忽视，而这正是AMR构成威胁的主要原因。因此，医院废水领域对于应对AMR至关重要。在这方面，本研究调查了医院废水中革兰氏阴性菌的存在情况，并评估了研究环境中分离株的多重耐药（MDR）模式。
这项描述性研究涉及连续6个月收集的医院废水样本（n = 24）。对样本进行细菌培养、鉴定，并通过 Kirby-Bauer 法进行抗菌药物敏感性测试。PCR 确认革兰氏阴性菌分离株中耐药基因的存在。
在最终处理后的流出物分离株中观察到对碳青霉烯类和头孢菌素类耐药的高比率。分子筛查显示存在 D、E、G、A1、A2、喹诺酮类、A、B、S 和 。
总体而言，我们的结果表明，对医院废水中临床重要病原体的微生物监测和耐药基因鉴定可以作为一种常规筛查方法，用于早期确定医院中未被充分检测到的抗菌药物耐药谱，并对疫情爆发和难治性感染进行早期预警。
