Han Yu, Sun Xin, Cai Sheng
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 18;15(6):395. doi: 10.3390/bios15060395.
With the rapid development of modern molecular biology, microRNA (miRNA) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and holds significant promise as a biomarker for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer and other diseases. Therefore, detecting miRNA and analyzing it to determine its biological functions are of great significance for the screening and diagnosis of diseases. However, the intrinsic characteristics of miRNAs, including their low abundance, short sequence lengths, and high family-specific sequence homology, render traditional detection methods such as Northern blot hybridization, microarray use, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) inadequate for meeting the stringent requirements of clinical detection in biological samples, a task requiring accuracy, rapidity, high detection power, specificity, and cost-effectiveness. In recent years, a substantial amount of effort has been put into developing innovative methodologies to address these challenges. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in these methodologies and their applications in clinical biological sample detection for disease diagnosis.
随着现代分子生物学的快速发展，微小RNA（miRNA）已被证明与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，并有望成为癌症及其他疾病早期检测、诊断和治疗的生物标志物。因此，检测miRNA并分析其以确定其生物学功能对于疾病的筛查和诊断具有重要意义。然而，miRNA的内在特性，包括其低丰度、短序列长度和高家族特异性序列同源性，使得传统检测方法如Northern印迹杂交、微阵列使用和逆转录定量PCR（RT-qPCR）不足以满足生物样本临床检测的严格要求，而临床检测需要准确性、快速性、高检测能力、特异性和成本效益。近年来，人们投入了大量精力开发创新方法来应对这些挑战。在本综述中，我们旨在全面概述这些方法的最新进展及其在临床生物样本检测用于疾病诊断中的应用。
