Nedeva Iveta, Assyov Yavor, Karamfilova Vera, Kamenov Zdravko, Dobrev Pavel, Velikova Tsvetelina, Vodenicharov Vlayko
Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Medical University-Sofia, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Metabolites. 2025 Jun 9;15(6):380. doi: 10.3390/metabo15060380.
: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex, multifaceted disorder with significant socioeconomic and public health consequences, increasingly acknowledged as a global epidemic. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is known to play a vital role in metabolic regulation; however, the precise roles and interactions of free fatty acids (FFAs) and insulin in influencing FGF-21 activity under both normal and pathological conditions are not yet fully understood. Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is a newly identified adipokine that appears to have the potential to regulate metabolic inflammation, which is a critical pathological factor in obesity and insulin resistance. Additionally, nesfatin-1, which is widely expressed in both central and peripheral tissues, is thought to be involved in various physiological functions beyond appetite control, such as glucose homeostasis, stress response, and cardiovascular health. Recent studies have indicated that sortilin may play a role in the pathophysiology of several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. : This investigation was a cross-sectional study involving 200 individuals with obesity, which included both metabolically healthy obese participants and those experiencing obesity along with glycemic disorders. Serum levels of FGF-21, sortilin, Metrnl, and nesfatin-1 were measured using standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. : The results indicated that FGF-21 levels were significantly elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome ( < 0.001), as well as those with insulin resistance ( = 0.009) and dyslipidemia ( = 0.03). Serum Metrnl levels were notably elevated in individuals meeting the criteria for insulin resistance, with a statistical significance of < 0.001. Additionally, patients experiencing carbohydrate metabolism disorders exhibited significantly higher serum sortilin levels compared to those with normal blood glucose levels, with a -value of 0.003. : This research highlights FGF-21, Metrnl, nesfatin-1, and sortilin as potential biomarkers involved in the development of critical aspects of metabolic syndrome.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一种复杂的、多方面的疾病，具有重大的社会经济和公共卫生影响，日益被视为一种全球流行病。已知成纤维细胞生长因子21（FGF - 21）在代谢调节中起关键作用；然而，在正常和病理条件下，游离脂肪酸（FFA）和胰岛素在影响FGF - 21活性方面的确切作用和相互作用尚未完全了解。流星样蛋白（Metrnl）是一种新发现的脂肪因子，似乎有调节代谢炎症的潜力，而代谢炎症是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的关键病理因素。此外，在中枢和外周组织中广泛表达的nesfatin - 1被认为参与了食欲控制以外的各种生理功能，如葡萄糖稳态、应激反应和心血管健康。最近的研究表明，sortilin可能在包括2型糖尿病在内的几种代谢紊乱的病理生理学中起作用。
本研究是一项横断面研究，涉及200名肥胖个体，其中包括代谢健康的肥胖参与者和伴有血糖紊乱的肥胖者。使用标准化酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术测量血清中FGF - 21、sortilin、Metrnl和nesfatin - 1的水平。
结果表明，代谢综合征患者（<0.001）、胰岛素抵抗患者（=0.009）和血脂异常患者（=0.03）的FGF - 21水平显著升高。符合胰岛素抵抗标准的个体血清Metrnl水平显著升高，统计学意义为<0.001。此外，与血糖正常的患者相比，碳水化合物代谢紊乱患者的血清sortilin水平显著更高，P值为0.003。
本研究强调FGF - 21、Metrnl、nesfatin - 1和sortilin作为参与代谢综合征关键方面发展的潜在生物标志物。
