Arick Ii Mark A, Landrau-Giovannetti Nelmarie, Hsu Chuan-Yu, Grover Corrinne E, Reichley Stephen, Magbanua Zenaida V, Pechanova Olga, Moore Debra, Kayal Ehsan, Linhoss Anna, Madrigal Theresa, Peterman Mark, Ozdemir Ozan, Peterson Daniel G, Solangi Moby, Peterman Beth, Lawrence Mark, Karsi Attila
Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America.
Global Center for Aquatic Health and Food Security, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 25;20(6):e0314249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314249. eCollection 2025.
The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a key marine mammal species in the Gulf of Mexico, playing an essential role as a top predator. This study investigates the genetic diversity and population structure of bottlenose dolphins stranded in the Mississippi Sound from 2010 to 2021. Tissue samples (muscle, liver, lung, kidney, and brain) were collected from 511 stranded dolphins, and mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) were extracted for analysis. A total of 417 samples were successfully amplified and sequenced using high throughput sequencing, yielding 386 complete mitogenomes. Genetic diversity metrics, such as nucleotide and haplotype diversity, were calculated, and population structure was inferred for both mitochondrial control region (mtCR) and whole mitogenome sequences. Using the whole mitogenome, the study identified four genetically distinct populations within the Mississippi Sound, demonstrating regional variation in dolphin populations. Notably, two stranded individuals likely originated from populations outside the sampled area. The use of whole mitogenomes allowed for improved resolution of genetic diversity and population differentiation compared to previous studies using partial mtDNA sequences. These findings enhance our understanding of bottlenose dolphin population structure in the region and underscore the value of stranded animals for population genetic studies.
普通宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）是墨西哥湾的一种关键海洋哺乳动物，作为顶级捕食者发挥着重要作用。本研究调查了2010年至2021年在密西西比海峡搁浅的宽吻海豚的遗传多样性和种群结构。从511头搁浅海豚身上采集了组织样本（肌肉、肝脏、肺、肾脏和大脑），并提取线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行分析。使用高通量测序成功扩增并测序了总共417个样本，获得了386个完整的线粒体基因组。计算了核苷酸和单倍型多样性等遗传多样性指标，并推断了线粒体控制区（mtCR）和整个线粒体基因组序列的种群结构。利用整个线粒体基因组，该研究在密西西比海峡内确定了四个遗传上不同的种群，表明海豚种群存在区域差异。值得注意的是，有两头搁浅个体可能来自采样区域以外的种群。与之前使用部分mtDNA序列的研究相比，使用整个线粒体基因组能够提高遗传多样性和种群分化的分辨率。这些发现增进了我们对该地区宽吻海豚种群结构的理解，并强调了搁浅动物在种群遗传学研究中的价值。
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