Fratianni Florinda, Coppola Francesca, Tavaniello Siria, Ombra Maria Neve, De Giulio Beatrice, D'Agostino Nunzio, Zengin Gokhan, Coppola Raffaele, Nazzaro Filomena
Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 May 30;14(6):661. doi: 10.3390/antiox14060661.
Seed oils from (borage), (prickly pear), and (calophyllum or tamanu) are rich in bioactive fatty acids and have been traditionally used in cosmetic and industrial sectors. This study explored their fatty acid composition and investigated their in vitro antioxidant, anti-arthritic, neuroprotective, and antibiofilm activities. Fatty acid profiles were determined via gas chromatography. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Anti-arthritic potential was measured via bovine serum albumin denaturation. Neuroprotective properties were evaluated through acetylcholinesterase, butirylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibition. Antibiofilm activity against five pathogenic strains was analyzed using crystal violet and MTT assays. Correlation analysis was used to associate fatty acid composition with bioactivity. Prickly pear oil exhibited the highest PUFA content (65.1%), mainly linoleic acid. Calophyllum oil was richer in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. All oils showed significant radical scavenging ability, with calophyllum oil showing the lowest DPPH IC and borage oil, the highest ABTS activity. Borage and prickly pear oils demonstrated strong anti-arthritic potential. Calophyllum oil showed the most potent AChE inhibition. All oils showed tyrosinase inhibition; however, calophyllum did not show BChE inhibitory activity. Antibiofilm activity was species- and dose-dependent, with , , and being most affected. Thus, the tested oils exhibited multiple biological activities, influenced by their fatty acid composition. The in vitro antioxidant, anti-arthritic, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial properties support their potential use as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals, especially for aging-related health concerns. Further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.
琉璃苣、仙人掌和山竹子（也称塔马努）的种子油富含生物活性脂肪酸，传统上用于化妆品和工业领域。本研究探讨了它们的脂肪酸组成，并研究了它们的体外抗氧化、抗关节炎、神经保护和抗生物膜活性。通过气相色谱法测定脂肪酸谱。使用DPPH和ABTS自由基清除试验评估抗氧化活性。通过牛血清白蛋白变性测定抗关节炎潜力。通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶和酪氨酸酶来评估神经保护特性。使用结晶紫和MTT试验分析针对五种致病菌株的抗生物膜活性。采用相关性分析将脂肪酸组成与生物活性联系起来。仙人掌油的多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高（65.1%），主要是亚油酸。山竹子油富含饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸。所有油都表现出显著的自由基清除能力，山竹子油的DPPH IC最低，琉璃苣油的ABTS活性最高。琉璃苣油和仙人掌油表现出很强的抗关节炎潜力。山竹子油表现出最强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用。所有油都表现出酪氨酸酶抑制作用；然而，山竹子油没有表现出丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。抗生物膜活性具有菌株和剂量依赖性，其中金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌受影响最大。因此，受试油表现出多种生物活性，受其脂肪酸组成影响。体外抗氧化、抗关节炎、神经保护和抗菌特性支持它们作为功能性食品成分或营养保健品的潜在用途，特别是对于与衰老相关的健康问题。需要进一步的体内和临床研究来证实它们的疗效。
