Caprioli Lucio, Campoli Francesca, Romagnoli Cristian, Cariati Ida, Edriss Saeid, Padua Elvira, Bonaiuto Vincenzo, Annino Giuseppe
Sports Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jun 5;10(2):215. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10020215.
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of tennis forehand shots played by competitive athletes in open and square stances in terms of performance: (1) ball speed, (2) accuracy, and (3) gesture economy. This is with the aim of preventing the excessive wear and tear of the athlete's musculoskeletal structures.
Between October 2024 and January 2025, forty-two healthy players were involved in the study. Eighty forehands were played by each subject with open and square stances in lateral and diagonal-inside running structured situations. The ball's speed, shot accuracy, and the athlete's heart rate were acquired. Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn post hoc tests were used to compare the effect of stance, tactical situation, gender, and player's flexibility on these performance variables. The Wilcoxon signed-rank -test was applied to compare each of the two types of stances.
Square stance consistently resulted in significantly higher ball speeds in both lateral running (Δ: 6 km/h) and diagonal-inside running (Δ: 4 km/h), while the differences in accuracy and metabolic demand were not significant overall.
This study found that the square stance technique provides a clear advantage in terms of ball speed. Although the higher accuracy found was not significant, the small difference in metabolic effort was. Overall, the benefits reported seem to make the square stance the preferable choice.
本研究旨在比较竞技运动员在开放式和方形站位下进行网球正手击球时在以下表现方面的有效性：（1）球速，（2）准确性，以及（3）动作经济性。目的是防止运动员肌肉骨骼结构的过度磨损。
在2024年10月至2025年1月期间，42名健康运动员参与了该研究。每位受试者在横向和对角内向跑动的结构化情境中，以开放式和方形站位各打出80次正手击球。采集球速、击球准确性和运动员心率。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Dunn事后检验来比较站位、战术情境、性别和运动员柔韧性对这些表现变量的影响。应用Wilcoxon符号秩检验来比较两种站位类型。
在横向跑动（差值：6公里/小时）和对角内向跑动（差值：4公里/小时）中，方形站位始终能显著提高球速，而准确性和代谢需求方面的差异总体不显著。
本研究发现，方形站位技术在球速方面具有明显优势。虽然所发现的较高准确性并不显著，但代谢消耗方面的微小差异是显著的。总体而言，所报告的益处似乎使方形站位成为更可取的选择。
