Inafuco Augusto Tetsuo Prado, Machoski Pablo, Campos Daniel Prado, Pichorim Sergio Francisco, Mendes Junior José Jair Alves
Graduate Program in Electrical and Computing Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba 80230-901, PR, Brazil.
Department of Electronics, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba 80230-901, PR, Brazil.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 7;25(12):3600. doi: 10.3390/s25123600.
Commercial wearable systems for surface electromyography (sEMG) acquisition often trade bandwidth, synchronization, and battery life for miniaturization, and their proprietary designs inhibit reproducibility and cost-effective customization. To address these limitations, we developed MOT, a fully wireless, multichannel platform built from commodity components that can be replicated in academic laboratories. Each sensor node integrates an AD8232 analog front-end configured for 19-690 Hz bandwidth (59 dB mid-band gain) with a 12-bit successive approximation ADC sampling at 1 kS/s. Packets of 120 samples are broadcast via the low-latency ESP-NOW 2.45 GHz protocol to a central hub, which timestamps and streams data to a host PC over USB-UART. Bench tests confirmed the analog response and showed mains interference at least 40 dB below voluntary contraction levels; the cumulative packet loss remained below 0.5% for six simultaneous channels at 100 m line-of-sight, with end-to-end latency under 3 ms. A 180 mAh Li-ion cell was used to power each node for 1.8 h of continuous operation at 100 mA average draw, and the complete sensor, including enclosure, was found to weigh 22 g. MOT reduced a 60 Hz artifact magnitude by up to 22 dB while preserving signal bandwidth. The hardware, therefore, provides a compact and economical solution for biomechanics, rehabilitation, and human-machine interface research that demands mobile, high-fidelity sEMG acquisition.
用于表面肌电图（sEMG）采集的商用可穿戴系统通常为了小型化而在带宽、同步性和电池续航方面做出妥协，并且其专有设计阻碍了可重复性和经济高效的定制。为了解决这些限制，我们开发了MOT，这是一个完全无线的多通道平台，由可在学术实验室中复制的商用组件构建而成。每个传感器节点将一个配置为19 - 690 Hz带宽（59 dB中频增益）的AD8232模拟前端与一个以1 kS/s采样的12位逐次逼近型ADC集成在一起。120个样本的数据包通过低延迟的ESP-NOW 2.45 GHz协议广播到一个中央集线器，该集线器对数据进行时间戳标记，并通过USB-UART将数据流传输到主机PC。基准测试证实了模拟响应，并表明市电干扰至少比自主收缩水平低40 dB；在100 m视距下，六个同步通道的累积数据包丢失率保持在0.5%以下，端到端延迟低于3 ms。一个180 mAh的锂离子电池用于为每个节点供电，在平均电流消耗为100 mA的情况下可连续运行1.8小时，并且发现包括外壳在内的整个传感器重量为22 g。MOT在保持信号带宽的同时，将60 Hz伪影幅度降低了高达22 dB。因此，该硬件为需要移动、高保真sEMG采集的生物力学、康复和人机接口研究提供了一种紧凑且经济的解决方案。
