Sall Ibrahima Mamadou, Haşaş Alina Diana, Malek Amiali, Vodnar Dan Cristian, Aziez Meriem, Semzenisi Ecaterina, Hodor Dragoş, Pop Romelia, Tăbăran Alexandru-Flaviu
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 10;14(12):1776. doi: 10.3390/plants14121776.
G. Don (kinkeliba) is a medicinal plant traditionally employed in West Africa for its diuretic and gastrointestinal therapeutic properties. Despite its extensive ethnomedicinal use, comprehensive toxicological assessments are still lacking. This study aimed to characterize the phenolic composition of ethanolic leaf extract using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and evaluate its acute and subacute oral toxicity in BALB/c mice, per OECD Guideline 420. Female mice received oral doses of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg of extract for acute toxicity assessment for 14 days. In the subacute study, both sexes were administered daily doses at the same concentrations over 28 days. Clinical signs, body weight, and food and water consumption were regularly monitored throughout both protocols. At the end of each study, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Phenolic profiling revealed nine major compounds with a total of 293.54 mg/g extract. No mortality or significant clinical manifestations were observed at any dose. However, significant variations in platelet counts and amylase activity were noted in the acute phase. In the subacute model, slight, non-critical alterations in hepatic and renal biomarkers were observed, without signs of systemic toxicity. Histopathological examination revealed similar lesions in both acute and subacute phases, including multifocal inflammatory infiltrates (lymphocytes and neutrophils) in the periportal area of the liver, minimal bacterial overgrowth in the superficial layer of the gastric mucosa, minimal medullary mineralization and inflammatory infiltrates with lymphocytes in the kidneys, and minimal to moderate vacuolization in the pancreatic acini. These results indicate that ethanolic extract is relatively safe at the tested doses, reinforcing its traditional use and supporting further research into its pharmacological potential.
G. Don（东非香叶）是一种药用植物，在西非传统上因其利尿和胃肠道治疗特性而被使用。尽管其在民族医学中有广泛应用，但仍缺乏全面的毒理学评估。本研究旨在使用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-电喷雾电离质谱法（HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS）对乙醇叶提取物的酚类成分进行表征，并根据经合组织（OECD）准则420评估其对BALB/c小鼠的急性和亚急性口服毒性。雌性小鼠接受50、300和2000mg/kg提取物的口服剂量进行14天的急性毒性评估。在亚急性研究中，两性在28天内每天给予相同浓度的剂量。在两个实验方案中，定期监测临床体征、体重以及食物和水的消耗量。在每项研究结束时，分析血液学、生化和组织病理学参数。酚类分析揭示了9种主要化合物，提取物总量为293.54mg/g。在任何剂量下均未观察到死亡或明显的临床表现。然而，在急性期注意到血小板计数和淀粉酶活性有显著变化。在亚急性模型中，观察到肝脏和肾脏生物标志物有轻微的、非关键性改变，但无全身毒性迹象。组织病理学检查在急性和亚急性阶段均发现了类似病变，包括肝脏门周区域多灶性炎症浸润（淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞）、胃黏膜表层轻微细菌过度生长、肾脏轻微髓质矿化和淋巴细胞炎症浸润以及胰腺腺泡轻微至中度空泡化。这些结果表明，乙醇提取物在测试剂量下相对安全，加强了其传统用途，并支持对其药理潜力的进一步研究。
