动荡时代，潮起潮落：2016年至2024年法国脑膜炎球菌免疫血清流行率研究
Troubled Times, Changing Tides: A Seroprevalence Study on Meningococcal Immunity in France Between 2016 and 2024.
作者信息
Taha Samy, Terrade Aude, Doucoure Oumar, Deghmane Ala-Eddine, Taha Muhamed-Kheir
机构信息
Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France.
出版信息
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jun 16;13(6):647. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13060647.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In France, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to control COVID-19 led to a significant decline in invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases. However, a rebound in cases, particularly for serogroups W and Y, was observed after the gradual lifting of NPIs, raising questions about an "immunity gap" due to reduced circulation of the bacteria. During the study period, vaccination against MenC was mandatory from 2018, and vaccination against MenB has been recommended since 2022.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective seroepidemiological study using 166 normal sera collected between 2016 and 2024. Anti- IgG levels were quantified by ELISA using purified capsular polysaccharides for serogroups B, C, W, Y, and X. Samples were categorized into three periods: pre-NPIs (n = 72), during NPIs (n = 33), and post-NPIs (n = 61). Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-parametric data.
RESULTS
Our results show a significant decline in anti-serogroup B IgG antibody levels after the lifting of NPIs ( < 0.0001) in line with reduced circulation. Anti-serogroup C IgG antibody levels increased incrementally ( = 0.0003), particularly in those aged 1-4 years, likely reflecting a catch-up in anti-meningococcal C vaccination coverage. Anti-serogroup W IgG antibody levels remained stable, suggesting sustained circulation, but shifted to young children in the post-NPI period, potentially due to a genotypic shift. Anti-serogroup Y IgG antibody levels transiently increased significantly ( < 0.0001) during the NPI period but then decreased back after their lifting. Anti-serogroup X IgG antibody levels remained stable, consistent with its low prevalence and the absence of targeted vaccination.
背景/目的：在法国，为控制新冠疫情而实施的非药物干预措施（NPIs）使侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（IMD）病例显著减少。然而，在NPIs逐步解除后，病例出现反弹，尤其是血清群W和Y，这引发了关于细菌传播减少导致“免疫缺口”的问题。在研究期间，自2018年起，针对C群脑膜炎球菌的疫苗接种是强制性的，自2022年起，建议接种针对B群脑膜炎球菌的疫苗。
方法
我们进行了一项回顾性血清流行病学研究，使用了2016年至2024年期间收集的166份正常血清。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），使用B、C、W、Y和X血清群的纯化荚膜多糖对IgG抗体水平进行定量。样本分为三个时期：NPIs实施前（n = 72）、NPIs实施期间（n = 33）和NPIs解除后（n = 61）。使用非参数数据的Kruskal-Wallis检验进行统计比较。
结果
我们的结果显示，NPIs解除后，抗B血清群IgG抗体水平显著下降（< 0.0001），与传播减少一致。抗C血清群IgG抗体水平逐渐升高（= 0.0003），尤其是在1至4岁的儿童中，这可能反映了抗C群脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种覆盖率的提升。抗W血清群IgG抗体水平保持稳定，表明传播持续存在，但在NPIs解除后的时期转向了幼儿，这可能是由于基因型转变。抗Y血清群IgG抗体水平在NPIs实施期间短暂显著升高（< 0.0001），但在解除后又下降。抗X血清群IgG抗体水平保持稳定，与其低流行率和缺乏针对性疫苗接种一致。
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