Rajesh R, Gupta Shubham, Chakraborty Soi, Patil Swapnali S, Chauhan Arun, Mukherjee Anurag, Gupta Seema
Department of Orthodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND.
Department of Orthodontics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND.
Cureus. 2025 May 27;17(5):e84895. doi: 10.7759/cureus.84895. eCollection 2025 May.
Mandibular morphology exhibits significant variation across vertical facial growth patterns. A clear understanding of these variations is essential for precise orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and the prediction of growth trends. This study aimed to compare the mandibular morphological characteristics among individuals with normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), focusing on parameters such as condylar dimensions, ramus morphology, symphysis measurements, and mandibular notch features.
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. Based on Jarabak's ratio, the 27 subjects (aged 18-36 years) were categorized into three groups (normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent). CBCT scans were acquired using standard protocols and were analyzed. Mandibular parameters, including condylar width, length, height, shape, coronoid process, mandibular notch morphology, ramus height and width, and symphysis height and thickness were measured. All the statistical analyses were performed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to assess intergroup differences, and Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the mandibular notch type and other measurements. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Type 4 condylar shape and Type 1 coronoid process were the most prevalent but showed no significant association with growth pattern. Significant differences were observed in ramus width (p = 0.017) and symphysis thickness (p = 0.036), particularly between the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. The hyperdivergent group exhibited taller condyles, narrower rami, and increased symphysis height, while the hypodivergent group showed thicker symphyses and broader rami. Correlation analysis revealed weak and inconsistent relationships between the mandibular notch type and mandibular measurements, with the strongest correlation noted between the notch type and symphysis height (r = -0.52).
Mandibular morphology demonstrated measurable variation across vertical facial growth patterns. While some dimensions, such as ramus width and symphysis thickness, differed significantly, mandibular notch morphology appeared largely independent of other anatomical features.
下颌形态在垂直面部生长模式中存在显著差异。清楚了解这些差异对于精确的正畸诊断、治疗计划制定以及生长趋势预测至关重要。本研究旨在使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）比较具有正常发散、低发散和高发散生长模式的个体之间的下颌形态特征，重点关注髁突尺寸、升支形态、颏部测量以及下颌切迹特征等参数。
在正畸与牙颌面正畸科进行了一项横断面观察性研究。根据贾拉巴克比率，将27名受试者（年龄18 - 36岁）分为三组（正常发散、低发散和高发散）。使用标准方案获取CBCT扫描图像并进行分析。测量下颌参数，包括髁突宽度、长度、高度、形状、冠突、下颌切迹形态、升支高度和宽度以及颏部高度和厚度。进行了所有统计分析。采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和Tukey事后检验评估组间差异，使用Spearman相关性分析下颌切迹类型与其他测量值之间的关系。设定统计学显著性为p < 0.05。
4型髁突形状和1型冠突最为常见，但与生长模式无显著关联。在升支宽度（p = 0.017）和颏部厚度（p = 0.036）方面观察到显著差异，特别是在低发散组和高发散组之间。高发散组表现为髁突更高、升支更窄且颏部高度增加，而低发散组显示颏部更厚且升支更宽。相关性分析揭示下颌切迹类型与下颌测量值之间的关系较弱且不一致，切迹类型与颏部高度之间的相关性最强（r = -0.52）。
下颌形态在垂直面部生长模式中表现出可测量的差异。虽然一些尺寸，如升支宽度和颏部厚度有显著差异，但下颌切迹形态在很大程度上似乎独立于其他解剖特征。
