Tian Shuaibing, Wang Liping, Liu Lijun, Sha Xiaoyu, Wu Jine, Fu Jingye, Wang Qiang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Mol Genet Genomics. 2025 Jun 30;300(1):66. doi: 10.1007/s00438-025-02269-z.
Terpenoids produced in plants play important roles in growth, development and response to environmental stimuli. Terpene synthases are responsible for the terpene backbone formation of terpenoid metabolites. In this study, fifty-one terpene synthase genes were identified in the quinoa genome and categorized into seven sub-families through bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis. Gene structures, conserved motifs and cis-elements in promoters were also analyzed for these CqTPSs, as well as prediction of secondary and tertiary protein structure. Four terpene synthase genes in the TPS-e sub-family were further cloned for functional characterization. Among which, CqTPS49 and CqTPS51 were detected to react with ent-CPP to generate ent-kaurene, the intermediate of gibberellin biosynthesis, subsequently name as CqTPS49/KS1 and CqTPS51/KS2, respectively. CqTPS47 and CqTPS48 reacted with syn-CPP to form diterpene products, which needs to be identified with chemical structure characterization. All four tested CqTPSs were found to be localized in the chloroplast, consistent with their functions as diterpene synthease. Expression patterns analysis in different tissues revealed that CqTPS49/KS1 and CqTPS51/KS2 are mainly expressed in the active growing buds, suggesting involvement in gibberellic acid metabolism. This study identified the terpene synthase gene family in quinoa and provided the basis for further functional characterization of terpenoid metabolism.
植物中产生的萜类化合物在生长、发育以及对环境刺激的反应中发挥着重要作用。萜烯合酶负责萜类代谢产物的萜烯骨架形成。在本研究中，在藜麦基因组中鉴定出51个萜烯合酶基因，并通过生物信息学和系统发育分析将其分为七个亚家族。还对这些藜麦萜烯合酶基因（CqTPSs）的基因结构、保守基序和启动子中的顺式作用元件进行了分析，并对蛋白质的二级和三级结构进行了预测。进一步克隆了TPS-e亚家族中的四个萜烯合酶基因以进行功能表征。其中，检测到CqTPS49和CqTPS51与内-贝壳杉烯二磷酸（ent-CPP）反应生成赤霉素生物合成的中间体内-贝壳杉烯，随后分别命名为CqTPS49/贝壳杉烯合成酶1（KS1）和CqTPS51/贝壳杉烯合成酶2（KS2）。CqTPS47和CqTPS48与顺-贝壳杉烯二磷酸（syn-CPP）反应形成二萜产物，其化学结构需要通过化学结构表征来鉴定。发现所有四个测试的CqTPSs都定位于叶绿体中，这与其作为二萜合酶的功能一致。不同组织中的表达模式分析表明，CqTPS49/KS1和CqTPS51/KS2主要在活跃生长的芽中表达，表明它们参与赤霉素代谢。本研究鉴定了藜麦中的萜烯合酶基因家族，并为萜类代谢的进一步功能表征提供了基础。
