Petakh Pavlo, Kamyshna Iryna, Halabitska Iryna, Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine.
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jun 13;12:1559471. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1559471. eCollection 2025.
Vitamin D is suggested as a supportive therapy to reduce the severity of COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effect on critical outcomes, such as ICU admissions and mortality, shows significant variation across randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses.
To summarize the influence of vitamin D supplementation on ICU admissions and mortality among COVID-19 patients.
Overall, 21 eligible studies were retrieved using a comprehensive search from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. A citation matrix was developed, revealing a Corrected Covered Area (CCA) of 0.54, indicating moderate overlap. Fixed-effects models were applied to data with low heterogeneity (ICU admissions: Q = 10.87, = 0.33), while random-effects models were used for mortality outcomes (Q = 27.23, = 0.006). Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) quantified the overall effects.
Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significant 38% reduction in ICU admissions (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.54-0.71) and a 33% reduction in mortality risk (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.56-0.79). The benefit was pronounced in vitamin D-deficient populations, although heterogeneity in mortality outcomes highlighted variability across studies.
While these findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may help reduce ICU admissions and mortality among COVID-19 patients-particularly in those with vitamin D deficiency-the results should be interpreted with caution. The observed variability and potential confounding factors underscore the need for further large-scale, randomized controlled trials with standardized dosing protocols before definitive clinical recommendations can be made.
由于维生素D具有免疫调节和抗炎作用，因此被建议作为一种辅助治疗手段，以减轻新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的严重程度。然而，其对诸如入住重症监护病房（ICU）和死亡率等关键结局的影响，在随机临床试验和荟萃分析中显示出显著差异。
总结补充维生素D对COVID-19患者入住ICU和死亡率的影响。
总体而言，通过对Scopus、PubMed和Web of Science进行全面检索，共检索到21项符合条件的研究。构建了一个引文矩阵，得出校正覆盖面积（CCA）为0.54，表明存在中度重叠。对于异质性较低的数据（入住ICU：Q = 10.87，I² = 0.33）应用固定效应模型，而对于死亡率结局（Q = 27.23，I² = 0.006）则使用随机效应模型。合并比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（CI）对总体效应进行了量化。
补充维生素D与入住ICU的几率显著降低38%（OR = 0.62；95%CI：0.54 - 0.71）以及死亡风险降低33%（OR = 0.67；95%CI：0.56 - 0.79）相关。在维生素D缺乏人群中，这种益处尤为明显，尽管死亡率结局的异质性突出了各研究之间的变异性。
虽然这些研究结果表明补充维生素D可能有助于降低COVID-19患者入住ICU的几率和死亡率——尤其是维生素D缺乏的患者——但对结果的解释应谨慎。观察到的变异性和潜在的混杂因素强调，在能够做出明确的临床建议之前，需要进一步开展大规模、采用标准化给药方案的随机对照试验。
