Di Marcantonio Lisa, Chiatamone Ranieri Sofia, Toro Michela, Marchegiano Alice, Cito Francesca, Sulli Nadia, Del Matto Ilaria, Di Lollo Valeria, Alessiani Alessandra, Foschi Giovanni, Platone Ilenia, Paoletti Massimiliano, D'Alterio Nicola, Garofolo Giuliano, Janowicz Anna
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy.
Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Services, Teramo, Italy.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 10;16:1595652. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1595652. eCollection 2025.
The global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing () poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions with high antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurrence. This study investigated the occurrence, genomic characteristics, and dissemination dynamics of ESBL-producing in Abruzzo, Italy, by analyzing 956 isolates from humans, livestock, wildlife, and food products.
Phenotypic and genomic analyses were performed on the isolates to assess ESBL- occurrence and characteristics. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to identify sequence types (STs), and plasmid profiling alongside synteny analysis was conducted to investigate horizontal gene transfer and resistance gene integration. Spatial analysis was also carried out to identify hotspots of ESBL-positive isolates.
An overall ESBL- occurrence of 14.1% (135/956 samples) was found, with significant variation across hosts: companion animals exhibited the highest occurrence (16.2%), followed by livestock and food matrices (14.6%), and wildlife (7.0%). Spatial analysis identified a hotspot in northeastern Abruzzo, where ESBL-positive isolates were 5.34 times more likely to occur ( < 0.001). MLST identified 58 sequence types (STs), with ST131 dominating human isolates (12/19). In cattle, predominant sequence types were ST16565 (5 isolates) and ST540 (4 isolates); in poultry, ST43 (5 isolates), ST10 (4 isolates), and ST6215 (3 isolates) were most common; ST206 (8 isolates) was predominant in swine; and in dogs, ST10 (4 isolates) and ST3580 (3 isolates) were most prevalent. Genomic analysis revealed host-specific distributions of ESBL genes: predominated in humans and dogs, while was most common in pigs. Plasmid profiling revealed IncF and IncI plasmids as key vectors for horizontal gene transfer. Synteny analysis showed identical flanking regions of and across phylogenetically distant strains, suggesting chromosomal integration and stable maintenance of resistance genes.
These findings underscore the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental reservoirs in AMR dissemination. The high genetic diversity observed within farms and the detection of shared clusters across hosts emphasize the need for integrated One Health interventions, including reduced antibiotic use in livestock and enhanced surveillance of high-risk environments. This study provides critical insights into local AMR dynamics, offering a model for regional mitigation strategies.
产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的[细菌名称未给出]在全球范围内的传播对公共卫生构成了重大挑战，尤其是在抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）发生率较高的地区。本研究通过分析来自人类、家畜、野生动物和食品的956株分离株，调查了意大利阿布鲁佐地区产ESBL的[细菌名称未给出]的发生情况、基因组特征和传播动态。
对分离株进行表型和基因组分析，以评估ESBL的发生情况和特征。采用多位点序列分型（MLST）来鉴定序列类型（STs），并进行质粒图谱分析以及共线性分析，以研究水平基因转移和耐药基因整合。还进行了空间分析，以确定ESBL阳性分离株的热点区域。
总体ESBL发生率为14.1%（135/956个样本），不同宿主间存在显著差异：伴侣动物的发生率最高（16.2%），其次是家畜和食品基质（14.6%），野生动物（7.0%）。空间分析确定了阿布鲁佐东北部的一个热点区域，该区域ESBL阳性分离株出现的可能性高5.34倍（P<0.001）。MLST鉴定出58种序列类型（STs），其中ST131在人类分离株中占主导地位（12/19）。在牛中，主要的序列类型是ST16565（5株）和ST540（4株）；在家禽中，最常见的是ST43（5株）、ST10（4株）和ST6215（3株）；ST206（8株）在猪中占主导地位；在狗中，最常见的是ST10（4株）和ST3580（3株）。基因组分析揭示了ESBL基因在宿主中的特异性分布：[基因名称未给出]在人类和狗中占主导地位，而[基因名称未给出]在猪中最常见。质粒图谱分析表明IncF和IncI质粒是水平基因转移的关键载体。共线性分析显示，在系统发育距离较远的菌株中，[基因名称未给出]和[基因名称未给出]的侧翼区域相同，表明抗性基因的染色体整合和稳定维持。
这些发现强调了人类、动物和环境宿主在AMR传播中的相互联系。在农场内观察到的高遗传多样性以及在不同宿主间检测到共享聚类，强调了采取综合“同一健康”干预措施的必要性，包括减少家畜抗生素使用和加强对高风险环境的监测。本研究为当地AMR动态提供了关键见解，为区域缓解策略提供了一个模型。
