Li Tiewei, Cui Xudong, Li Xiaojuan, Yang Jingping, Wang Hongyan, Yang Junmei, Jin Zhipeng
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jun 24;18:8233-8241. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S522566. eCollection 2025.
Studies have confirmed that vitamins A and D are related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little research has reported the relationship between vitamin A and D nutrition status and COVID-19 in the elderly population in China. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the association between vitamin A and D status and the risk of COVID-19 in the elderly population.
From April 1st to September 20th, 2023, 32 COVID-19 patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were enrolled in this study. During the same period, 30 elderly individuals undergoing health checkups were enrolled as the control group. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained via electronic medical records. Vitamin A and D levels were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin A deficiency is a retinol below 30 ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency is a 25(OH)D below 20 ng/mL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between vitamin A and D levels, nutritional status, and the risk of COVID-19. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois).
Compared with the subjects in the control group, COVID-19 patients had lower levels of vitamins A and D. Further analysis showed that the deficiency rate of vitamins A and D in patients with COVID-19 was higher than those in the control group. Correlation analysis revealed that vitamins A and D significantly negatively correlated with respiratory rate, neutrophil counts and positively correlated with lymphocyte count. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitamins A and D were the independent risk factors of CIVID-19.
Vitamins A and D were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients, and lower vitamins A and D were independently linked with a high risk of COVID-19, according to this single-center analysis.
研究已证实维生素A和D与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）有关。然而，在中国老年人群中，鲜有研究报道维生素A和D营养状况与COVID-19之间的关系。因此，本研究旨在探讨维生素A和D状况与老年人群中COVID-19风险之间的关联。
2023年4月1日至9月20日，本研究纳入了32例经聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）感染呈阳性的COVID-19患者。同期，纳入30例接受健康体检的老年人作为对照组。通过电子病历获取临床和实验室数据。使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测维生素A和D水平。维生素A缺乏定义为视黄醇低于30 ng/mL，维生素D缺乏定义为25(OH)D低于20 ng/mL。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估维生素A和D水平、营养状况与COVID-19风险之间的关系。使用SPSS 24.0（SPSS公司，伊利诺伊州芝加哥）进行统计分析。
与对照组受试者相比，COVID-19患者的维生素A和D水平较低。进一步分析表明，COVID-19患者中维生素A和D的缺乏率高于对照组。相关性分析显示，维生素A和D与呼吸频率、中性粒细胞计数呈显著负相关，与淋巴细胞计数呈正相关。多因素logistic回归分析表明，维生素A和D是COVID-19的独立危险因素。
根据这一单中心分析，COVID-19患者的维生素A和D水平显著较低，且较低的维生素A和D水平与COVID-19的高风险独立相关。
