Ran Disi, Li Yunzhang, Li Xinkai, Zhang Beibei, Cao Yi
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Sichuan Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21336. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05694-7.
The conservation and sustainable development of traditional settlements have garnered global attention in the context of rapid urbanization and modernization. The traditional settlement of the Tujia ethnic minority in China carries profound historical culture and humanistic memories, serving as living cultural treasures that embody distinctive regional characteristics. Taking the 110 Tujia traditional villages in the Wuling Mountains as an example, this study aligns closely with the rural construction objectives of the national rural revitalization strategy, and explores the quantification method of settlement form oriented to the continuation of folk culture, which can effectively guide the villages in carrying out rational positioning and protective planning. This study first constructed a traditional settlement form quantitative research framework based on field survey and previous research foundations. Then, the shape index, spatial dispersion, and fractal dimensions methods were used to explore the form characteristics of Tujia traditional villages in terms of boundary shape and spatial structure. While the Grey Relational Analysis method was employed to the influences of natural and humanistic environments on settlement forms, revealing the formation mechanisms of it. The results indicate that there are three boundary forms of Tujia traditional villages: band, clump and finger-like, with the finger-like being the preferred form of the Tujia people in the process of building settlements in different landscapes. The spatial structure has three types: moderate agglomeration, high agglomeration and loose type, and the first is the main type, that is, the level of structuring is mostly medium, medium building density. The Tujia traditional settlement form is mainly affected by the river system, topography and transportation, and the distance from the river has the greatest influence on it. In general, the village form is a pattern that is rationally chosen and adapted to the joint influence of natural, social and human factors. The implications of this study are significant for understanding traditional village dynamics, promoting sustainable development, and refining quantitative methods for rural studies.
在快速城市化和现代化背景下，传统聚落的保护与可持续发展已引起全球关注。中国土家族传统聚落承载着深厚的历史文化和人文记忆，是具有鲜明地域特色的活态文化瑰宝。以武陵山区110个土家族传统村落为例，本研究紧密契合国家乡村振兴战略的乡村建设目标，探索面向民俗文化延续的聚落形态量化方法，能有效指导村落进行合理定位与保护性规划。本研究首先基于实地调查和以往研究基础构建传统聚落形态定量研究框架。然后，运用形状指数、空间离散度和分形维数方法，从边界形状和空间结构方面探究土家族传统村落的形态特征。同时采用灰色关联分析法分析自然和人文环境对聚落形态的影响，揭示其形成机制。结果表明，土家族传统村落边界形态有带状、团块状和指状三种，其中指状是土家族人在不同地貌中营建聚落过程中的首选形态。空间结构有适度集聚、高度集聚和松散型三种类型，第一种为主要类型，即规整程度大多为中等，建筑密度中等。土家族传统聚落形态主要受水系、地形和交通影响，其中距河流的距离对其影响最大。总体而言，村落形态是自然、社会和人文因素共同作用下合理选择与适应的结果。本研究对于理解传统村落动态、促进可持续发展以及完善乡村研究的量化方法具有重要意义。
