Li Linzhen, Dai Xiangjie, Xiao Shengjia, Tang Zhiyi, Wang Yutong, Yu Nian, Xiong Ting, Li Yongjun
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22878. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06916-8.
Moringa oleifera seed husks, the traditional non-medicinal parts of M. oleifera seed, are usually discarded or burned, which pollute the environment and waste resources. In an unprecedented study, the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of crude extracts from the medicinal and by-product parts of M. oleifera seed were compared and evaluated. The results showed that the scavenging ability of M. oleifera seed husks on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were significantly stronger than that of kernels. 24 phenolic compounds, including 1 new compound, 2 new natural products and 21 known phenolic compounds, were isolated from M. oleifera seed husks. Among of them, erythro-guaiacylg-lycerol (23) and threo-guaia-cylglycerol (24) exhibited significant antioxidant activity, and their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values for scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals were 32.39, 7.16 µg/mL and 24.24, 7.35 µg/mL, respectively. 2-(4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl) phenyl) acetamide (1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11), 4,4-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (16) and 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl] benzeneacetonitrile (17) showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC values of 16.55, 17.45, 25.12, and 14.10 µg/mL, respectively. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed the importance of the presence of 1,2,4-trisubstituted phenol structural fragment in enhancing the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the compounds. Compounds with such structural fragment may be developed into potential hypoglycemic drugs. According to the results, M. oleifera seed husks could be an alternative to develop novel drugs, functional foods and nutritional health products with hypoglycemic effects. The findings also indicate that M. oleifera seed by-products have the potential to be converted into value-added products, thereby contributing to sustainable waste management and environmental protection.
辣木籽的种皮是辣木籽传统上的非药用部分，通常被丢弃或焚烧，这会污染环境并浪费资源。在一项前所未有的研究中，对辣木籽药用部位和副产物部位的粗提物的抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行了比较和评估。结果表明，辣木籽种皮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）自由基的清除能力以及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性均显著强于种仁。从辣木籽种皮中分离出24种酚类化合物，其中包括1个新化合物、2个新天然产物和21个已知酚类化合物。其中，赤藓醇愈创木基甘油（23）和苏阿糖醇愈创木基甘油（24）表现出显著的抗氧化活性，它们清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的半数抑制浓度（IC）值分别为32.39、7.16 μg/mL和24.24、7.35 μg/mL。2-（4-羟基-3-（4-羟基苄基）苯基）乙酰胺（1）、对羟基苯甲酸（11）、4,4'-二羟基二苯甲烷（16）和4-羟基-3-[(4-羟基苯基)甲基]苯乙腈（17）表现出较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，IC值分别为16.55、17.45、25.12和14.10 μg/mL。构效关系（SAR）研究揭示了1,2,4-三取代酚结构片段的存在对增强化合物抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的重要性。具有这种结构片段的化合物可能被开发成潜在的降血糖药物。根据研究结果，辣木籽种皮可作为开发具有降血糖作用的新型药物、功能性食品和营养保健品的替代品。研究结果还表明，辣木籽副产物有潜力转化为高附加值产品，从而有助于可持续的废物管理和环境保护。
