Xu Yifan, Zhou Chenchen, Liu Xicheng, Guo Weihua, Zhou Jian
（ 100070） Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
（ 610041） State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2025 Mar 20;56(2):331-338. doi: 10.12182/20250360101.
Hypoxia-related diseases, such as altitude sickness, acute lung injury, and heart failure, have emerged as significant public health challenges worldwide and are strongly associated with increased mortality risks. These conditions tend to cause functional impairment and structural alterations in multiple organs, primarily due to inadequate oxygen supply or the inability of tissues to utilize oxygen effectively. To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypoxia-associated diseases and to explore potential therapeutic strategies, researchers have employed animal models to conduct extensive mechanistic studies and drug development trials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the methods used to construct animal models for various hypoxia-related diseases. We made a thorough evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and applicability of each approach. In particular, we focus on modeling strategies for key pathologies such as altitude sickness, acute lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure, discussing their respective advantages and restrains. Furthermore, we examined the potential application of gene editing technologies in optimizing animal models, especially its role in enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of the models. The integration of these advanced technologies holds great promise for developing animal models with improved specificity and simulation of key features of diseases, which will serve as a solid foundation for basic research, drug screening, and preclinical trials concerning hypoxia-related diseases. Herein, we present a systematic summary and future outlook of animal models for hypoxia-related diseases, ultimately providing theoretical support for developing clinical treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
缺氧相关疾病，如高原病、急性肺损伤和心力衰竭，已成为全球重大的公共卫生挑战，并与死亡率增加密切相关。这些疾病往往会导致多个器官的功能障碍和结构改变，主要是由于氧气供应不足或组织无法有效利用氧气。为了阐明缺氧相关疾病的病理生理机制并探索潜在的治疗策略，研究人员采用动物模型进行了广泛的机制研究和药物开发试验。在本综述中，我们全面概述了用于构建各种缺氧相关疾病动物模型的方法。我们对每种方法的优点、缺点、局限性和适用性进行了全面评估。特别是，我们重点关注高原病、急性肺损伤、肺动脉高压和心力衰竭等关键病理的建模策略，讨论它们各自的优点和限制。此外，我们研究了基因编辑技术在优化动物模型中的潜在应用，尤其是其在提高模型准确性和可重复性方面的作用。这些先进技术的整合有望开发出具有更高特异性和模拟疾病关键特征的动物模型，这将为缺氧相关疾病的基础研究、药物筛选和临床试验奠定坚实基础。在此，我们对缺氧相关疾病的动物模型进行系统总结和展望，最终为制定临床治疗策略和改善患者预后提供理论支持。
