Razmpoosh Elham, Abdollahi Shima, Sikaroudi Masoumeh Khalighi, Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat, Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida, Torabinasab Kimia, Hejazi Mahdi, Meshkini Fatemeh, Motallaei Maryam, Soltani Sepideh
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Nutrition, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):2264. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23454-0.
Adherence to low-fat (LF) diets may be inversely associated with appetite; however, findings from available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conflicting. The present study aimed to systematically review RCTs assessing the effects of LF diets on appetite status in adult participants.
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of the database to June 2, 2024, for RCTs that evaluated the effects of LF diets (≤ 30% total energy from fat), versus high-fat (HF, > 30% total energy from fat) diets on appetite status. No language restrictions were applied.
Initially, 2471 articles were identified, of which nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies examined the effect of LF diets on hunger response, three of which reported a significantly lower hunger response. LF diets did not exert an effect on satiety, desire to eat, and palatability. Only one study showed that the LF diet, compared to the HF diet, had greater decreases in their total appetite score over a 6-month period.
We found that there were little or no additional benefits in changes to appetite status following LF diets in adults. However, due to methodological factors, shortcomings among studies and small number of studies, the current evidence on the effect of LF diets on appetite regulation is poor. Further long-term trials are needed to investigate the effect of LF diets on appetite and appetite-regulating hormones.
坚持低脂（LF）饮食可能与食欲呈负相关；然而，现有随机对照试验（RCT）的结果相互矛盾。本研究旨在系统评价RCT，以评估LF饮食对成年参与者食欲状态的影响。
我们检索了从数据库建立到2024年6月2日的PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆，以查找评估LF饮食（脂肪提供的总能量≤30%）与高脂（HF，脂肪提供的总能量>30%）饮食对食欲状态影响的RCT。不设语言限制。
最初识别出2471篇文章，其中9项研究符合纳入标准。7项研究考察了LF饮食对饥饿反应的影响，其中3项报告饥饿反应显著降低。LF饮食对饱腹感、进食欲望和适口性没有影响。只有一项研究表明，与HF饮食相比，LF饮食在6个月期间的总食欲评分下降幅度更大。
我们发现成人食用LF饮食后，食欲状态变化几乎没有额外益处或根本没有额外益处。然而，由于方法学因素、研究中的缺陷以及研究数量较少，目前关于LF饮食对食欲调节作用的证据不足。需要进一步进行长期试验来研究LF饮食对食欲和食欲调节激素的影响。
