Püschel K, Schneider A
Z Rechtsmed. 1985;95(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/BF00203847.
The development of skin wrinkling was analysed using 48 hands from 24 adult corpses in systematic experiments involving submersion in fresh and salt water at varying water temperatures (10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees C); the results were documented by photography. Skin wrinkling was observed after between 15 min and 72 h of submersion. These are the essential results of the study: skin wrinkling is highly dependent on temperature and begins after only 15 min of submersion. The development of wrinkling in salt water, especially after long periods (greater than 24 h), is different from that in fresh water. Washerwomen's hands are classified into four categories that allow practical, usable conclusions to be drawn about the duration of submersion. Previous opinions concerning the development and timing of washer-women's hands were verified by means of test photographs shown to 16 domestic and foreign experts on legal medicine. It became obvious that expertise in this area varies considerably. Concerning the forensic approach, these surveys again show that, even when many influencing factors are known (water temperature, osmolarity, etc.) and comprehensive documentation has been made, the length of submersion can only be very roughly assessed from macroscopical aspects.
在系统实验中，对取自24具成年尸体的48只手进行分析，研究皮肤起皱情况。实验包括将手浸于不同水温（10摄氏度、20摄氏度和30摄氏度）的淡水和盐水中；结果通过摄影记录。浸水15分钟至72小时后观察到皮肤起皱。该研究的主要结果如下：皮肤起皱高度依赖于温度，浸水仅15分钟后就开始出现。在盐水中起皱的发展情况，尤其是长时间（超过24小时）后，与在淡水中不同。洗衣妇手被分为四类，据此可得出关于浸水持续时间的实用、可用结论。通过向16位国内外法医学专家展示测试照片，验证了此前关于洗衣妇手的发展及出现时间的观点。很明显，这一领域的专业知识差异很大。关于法医鉴定方法，这些调查再次表明，即使已知许多影响因素（水温、渗透压等）并已进行全面记录，从宏观角度也只能非常粗略地评估浸水时间。
