Lee SangA, Kim Layoung, Shim Mi-So, Kim Gwang Suk
Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea, 82 2-2228-3342, 82 2-2227-8303.
College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2025 Jul 9;11:e65081. doi: 10.2196/65081.
It remains unclear whether the existing health care services reflect the HIV care continuum, which underscores the need for integrated care beyond viral suppression.
This study aimed to analyze the literature on health care services for people living with HIV to enhance the understanding of trends and knowledge structures.
A literature review was conducted using BERTopic, an advanced machine learning-based topic modeling technique. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for English-language studies published between 2013 and 2023. Analyses were performed twice: first, to gain a broad understanding of the literature, and second, to examine the specific details of health care services described.
Among the 11,269 articles screened, 204 studies met the inclusion criteria. Within the HIV care continuum, most studies focused on the treatment retention stage, while studies focusing on the long-term stage were limited. A broad literature analysis identified five key topics, with "ART adherence" emerging as the most prominent topic. A more comprehensive analysis of health care services within the literature revealed 7 topics, reflecting diverse delivery methods and content in providing health care services for people living with HIV. The predominant topic, "ART adherence and counseling," encompassed the largest number of studies, indicating the strongest emphasis in the field. Notably, the distribution of topics exhibited a distinct pattern: while health care service diversity was the highest in the earlier stages of the HIV care continuum, it became increasingly limited in the later stages.
This study provides valuable insights into current HIV care services and highlights areas for future research and intervention. Despite the shift toward lifelong HIV management, existing literature remains heavily focused on medication treatment, overlooking the multifaceted health care needs of people living with HIV. Research disparities, particularly concerning vulnerable populations, underscore the need for more inclusive studies and tailored health care services. Efforts should be intensified to bridge these gaps, ensuring inclusive and equitable health care services across diverse populations and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to meet the evolving needs of people living with HIV, thereby enhancing the HIV care continuum for all.
目前尚不清楚现有的医疗保健服务是否反映了艾滋病病毒护理连续体，这突出表明需要超越病毒抑制的综合护理。
本研究旨在分析关于艾滋病病毒感染者医疗保健服务的文献，以增进对趋势和知识结构的理解。
使用基于先进机器学习的主题建模技术BERTopic进行文献综述。我们在PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE和Cochrane数据库中搜索了2013年至2023年发表的英文研究。分析进行了两次：第一次是为了对文献有一个广泛的了解，第二次是为了研究所述医疗保健服务的具体细节。
在筛选的11269篇文章中，204项研究符合纳入标准。在艾滋病病毒护理连续体中，大多数研究集中在治疗保留阶段，而关注长期阶段的研究有限。广泛的文献分析确定了五个关键主题，其中“抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性”成为最突出的主题。对文献中医疗保健服务的更全面分析揭示了7个主题，反映了为艾滋病病毒感染者提供医疗保健服务的不同提供方式和内容。主要主题“抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性和咨询”涵盖的研究数量最多，表明该领域的关注度最高。值得注意的是，主题分布呈现出明显的模式：虽然医疗保健服务多样性在艾滋病病毒护理连续体的早期阶段最高，但在后期阶段越来越有限。
本研究为当前的艾滋病病毒护理服务提供了有价值的见解，并突出了未来研究和干预的领域。尽管已转向终身艾滋病病毒管理，但现有文献仍严重侧重于药物治疗，忽视了艾滋病病毒感染者多方面的医疗保健需求。研究差距，特别是关于弱势群体的差距，突出了开展更具包容性的研究和量身定制医疗保健服务的必要性。应加大努力弥合这些差距，确保为不同人群提供包容性和平等的医疗保健服务，并促进跨学科合作以满足艾滋病病毒感染者不断变化的需求，从而加强所有人的艾滋病病毒护理连续体。
