Williams Cylie M, Farlie Melanie, Kolic Jessica, Morrison Stewart C, Paterson Kade, Hill Matthew, Bonacci Jason, Breet Marise C, Cranage Simone, Caswell Shane V, Hannigan J J, Herbaut Alexis, Hollander Karsten, Ibikunle Peter O, Kennedy Rachel A, Kong Pui Wah, Maharaj Jayishni N, Mazzella Natalie, Munteanu Shannon E, Okai-Nóbrega Liria A, Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel, Plesek Jan, Saeedi Hassan, Tong Jasper W K, Tora Abebayehu, Venter Ranel, Yurt Yasin, Banwell Helen
School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2025 Sep;18(3):e70065. doi: 10.1002/jfa2.70065.
Inconsistent reporting of interventions and outcomes is a key barrier to research translation. Children's footwear research is often inconsistently reported as there are no standards or recommendations on what to report or consensus on which outcomes are important. The primary aim of this research was to develop expert consensus in children's footwear features and descriptions for research reporting. The secondary aim focused on consensus building of outcome measures relating to footwear in research in children. The outcome of this study was to develop a reporting checklist and guidance for researchers who are conducting children's footwear studies.
This was a three-round modified Delphi survey informed by a scoping review. We searched four databases to enable data extraction from 109 records related to children's footwear research. These data established the basis for Round 1. Authors were identified through the scoping review and invited to participate. In Round 1, participants rated the appropriateness of domains relating to reporting footwear descriptions and features and outcomes. Outcome measures were organised against a childhood adaptation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-F-words in childhood disability domains. Consensus and agreement levels were set at 70%. Where 50%-69% of participants agreed, the item was returned for rating in Rounds 2 and 3.
There were 33 participants who responded to Round 1 and 29 (88%) in both subsequent rounds. Participants agreed on 20 statements that researchers should use to describe children's footwear and their features. All ICF domains met consensus for outcome collection. There were 17 outcome measures that participants agreed should be used in the future when a researcher's aim aligns with specific domains. Where no specific outcome measures reached consensus or agreement within a domain, a statement was developed to guide researcher choice in the subsequently developed checklist.
Participants reached consensus on the essential footwear characteristics and descriptions that should be consistently reported in children's footwear research. This enabled us to produce a list of preferred outcome measures. Using this checklist can support future research through collection and reporting of comparable data.
干预措施和研究结果报告不一致是研究成果转化的关键障碍。儿童鞋类研究的报告往往不一致，因为对于报告内容没有标准或建议，对于哪些结果重要也没有达成共识。本研究的主要目的是就儿童鞋类特征及研究报告描述达成专家共识。次要目的聚焦于儿童鞋类研究中与鞋类相关的结果测量指标的共识达成。本研究的成果是为开展儿童鞋类研究的人员制定一份报告清单和指南。
这是一项经过三轮修改的德尔菲调查，以范围综述为依据。我们检索了四个数据库，以便从109条与儿童鞋类研究相关的记录中提取数据。这些数据为第一轮调查奠定了基础。通过范围综述确定作者并邀请其参与。在第一轮中，参与者对与鞋类描述、特征及结果报告相关领域的适宜性进行评分。结果测量指标是根据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）儿童版中的儿童残疾领域的“F类词”来组织的。共识和一致水平设定为70%。当50%-69%的参与者达成一致时，该项目会返回第二轮和第三轮进行评分。
有33名参与者回复了第一轮调查，在随后的两轮中分别有29名（88%）回复。参与者就研究人员用于描述儿童鞋类及其特征的20条陈述达成了一致。所有ICF领域在结果收集方面均达成了共识。有17项结果测量指标，参与者一致认为当研究人员的目标与特定领域一致时，未来应使用这些指标。如果在某个领域内没有特定的结果测量指标达成共识或一致，就会制定一条陈述，以指导研究人员在随后制定的清单中的选择。
参与者就儿童鞋类研究中应始终报告的基本鞋类特征和描述达成了共识。这使我们能够列出一份首选结果测量指标清单。使用这份清单可通过收集和报告可比数据来支持未来的研究。
