Al-Makhmari Shihab, Al-Aufi Abir, Al-Kindi Saleh, Alriyami Maha, Sakr Hussein, Boulassel Mohamed-Rachid, Khadra Khalid M Abu, Al-Haddabi Rahma, Boudaka Ammar, Saleh Jumana
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2025 May 2;25(1):418-429. doi: 10.18295/2075-0528.2852.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with significant health and economic impacts. This review examined Middle Eastern herbs as alternative T2DM treatments in human randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses. A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted for human randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses on black seed (), fenugreek (), ginger (), cinnamon () and curcumin (), with at least 6 human studies per herb. The results revealed that and fenugreek improved glycaemic control and lipid profiles, while ginger regulated carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Curcumin was found to control blood sugar and lipids through its antioxidant effects, although its bioavailability remains a challenge. Cinnamon enhanced glucose transport and enzyme inhibition. Notably, demonstrated consistent positive effects across studies. These findings highlight the potential of medicinal herbs as alternative therapies in T2DM management, emphasising the need for further research in this field, considering relevant safety profiles.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种普遍存在的代谢紊乱疾病，对健康和经济有重大影响。本综述研究了中东草药在人类随机对照试验和荟萃分析中作为T2DM替代治疗方法的情况。对PubMed进行了全面检索，以查找关于黑种草、葫芦巴、生姜、肉桂和姜黄素的人类随机对照试验和荟萃分析，每种草药至少有6项人体研究。结果显示，黑种草和葫芦巴改善了血糖控制和血脂水平，而生姜调节了碳水化合物代谢酶。姜黄素通过其抗氧化作用控制血糖和血脂，尽管其生物利用度仍然是一个挑战。肉桂增强了葡萄糖转运并抑制了酶的活性。值得注意的是，黑种草在各项研究中均显示出一致的积极效果。这些发现凸显了草药作为T2DM管理替代疗法的潜力，强调了考虑相关安全性概况，在该领域进行进一步研究的必要性。
