Altundag Aytug, Harbi Emirhan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Altundag Life Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Jul 11;52(1):700. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10795-7.
The sense of smell is an important part of everyday life, yet many people around the world live with olfactory dysfunction or smell loss. The most common causes of olfactory dysfunction include upper respiratory tract infections, sinus diseases, and traumatic brain injury. Current treatment options are limited, and olfactory training is the most commonly used method clinically. Terpenes are volatile organic compounds found in plants that exhibit anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects. This review addresses the potential benefits of terpene use in olfactory training and proposes the development of a new terpene-centered training protocol. Terpenes have been shown to provide anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and may modulate olfactory receptors. Furthermore, they have the potential to provide neuroprotection, tissue regeneration, and neuroprotection by interacting with the endocannabinoid system and various cellular signaling pathways. This study aims to further understand the effects of terpenes in the treatment of olfactory dysfunctions and to develop new strategies to increase the efficacy of olfactory training.
嗅觉是日常生活的重要组成部分，但世界各地仍有许多人存在嗅觉功能障碍或嗅觉丧失的问题。嗅觉功能障碍最常见的原因包括上呼吸道感染、鼻窦疾病和创伤性脑损伤。目前的治疗选择有限，嗅觉训练是临床上最常用的方法。萜类化合物是植物中发现的挥发性有机化合物，具有抗炎、神经保护和抗癌作用。本综述探讨了萜类化合物在嗅觉训练中的潜在益处，并提出开发一种以萜类化合物为中心的新训练方案。萜类化合物已被证明可通过抑制NF-κB信号通路发挥抗炎作用，并可能调节嗅觉受体。此外，它们有可能通过与内源性大麻素系统和各种细胞信号通路相互作用来提供神经保护、组织再生和神经保护。本研究旨在进一步了解萜类化合物在治疗嗅觉功能障碍中的作用，并开发新的策略以提高嗅觉训练的效果。
