Liu Ting, Meng Qiang, Zhang Yijun, Ye Jianming, Shang Yingju, Song Wei, Luo Yane
College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Jul 11. doi: 10.1007/s12602-025-10653-9.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease in the colon, with a rising global incidence. Probiotics have been explored for treat UC due to their regulation roles on the gut microbiota. However, issues such as low survival rate, limited colonization time, and poor therapeutic effects have been observed following the oral administration of free probiotics. Thus, techniques for surface modification of probiotics have emerged to enhance the adhesion of encapsulation materials at inflammation sites, thereby to improve the retention time of probiotics and their therapeutic effects on UC. Here, we investigated the altered physio-biochemistry environments in the gastrointestinal tract of UC patients, and the factors influencing the molecular interactions between probiotics and the mucosa. We also clarified that encapsulation materials such as chitosan, sodium alginate, and thiolated hyaluronic acid could target the colon wall through electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, or the formation of disulfide bonds, thereby elongating the adhesion time of probiotics in the intestine. Additionally, the degradation patterns, potential beneficial or harmful impacts of these encapsulation materials were summarized. Finally, the current status of probiotics and polysaccharide-based treatments for UC in clinical trials were discussed. This research will facilitate the preparation of probiotic microcapsules with colon adhesion properties and also provide recommendations for the clinical application of encapsulation materials.
溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种结肠慢性炎症性疾病，全球发病率呈上升趋势。由于益生菌对肠道微生物群具有调节作用，因此已被探索用于治疗UC。然而，口服游离益生菌后出现了存活率低、定植时间有限和治疗效果不佳等问题。因此，出现了益生菌表面修饰技术，以增强包封材料在炎症部位的粘附，从而提高益生菌的保留时间及其对UC的治疗效果。在此，我们研究了UC患者胃肠道中生理生化环境的变化，以及影响益生菌与粘膜之间分子相互作用的因素。我们还阐明，壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和巯基化透明质酸等包封材料可通过静电吸附、氢键或二硫键的形成靶向结肠壁，从而延长益生菌在肠道中的粘附时间。此外，总结了这些包封材料的降解模式、潜在的有益或有害影响。最后，讨论了益生菌和基于多糖的UC治疗方法在临床试验中的现状。本研究将有助于制备具有结肠粘附特性的益生菌微胶囊，并为包封材料的临床应用提供建议。
