人体测量方程与双能X线吸收法在估计单侧下肢截肢运动员身体成分方面的有效性和可靠性：一项初步研究。
Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study.
作者信息
Rivera-Amézquita Laura Victoria, Saavedra-Bernal Ximena, Diaz-Moreno Sofia, Tordecilla-Sanders Alejandra, Escorcia-Gomez Diana Carolina, Ramos-Caballero Diana Marcela, Svoboda Zdenek
机构信息
Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Science Research Group, Center for the Study of Physical Activity Measurement (CEMA), Bogotá, Colombia.
Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 11;20(7):e0326524. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326524. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Accurate assessment of body composition is essential for monitoring health and performance in high-performance athletes. While anthropometric equations are widely used in conventional sports, their validity in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation remains unclear due to assumptions of symmetrical fat and muscle distribution. This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of anthropometric equations for estimating body composition in this population, using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 27 athletes (22 men, 5 women; mean age 32 ± 7.4) from para-sports including athletics, swimming, triathlon, and others. Anthropometric measurements and DEXA were used to estimate body density (BD), fat percentage (FP), lean percentage (LP), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM). Forty-seven anthropometric equations were evaluated. Validity was assessed using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and agreement through Bland-Altman analysis and Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression.
RESULTS
For FP, the Hastuti equation and the ISAK 5 components model showed the closest agreement with DEXA (mean differences 0.7 ± 4.55%, and 0.32 ± 4.8%, respectively; ICCs > 0.83). Durnin and Womersley with Siri also showed high reliability but a greater bias (2.6 ± 3.69%). For FM, the ISAK 5 components model and Lee DH equation demonstrated acceptable agreement (mean differences -0.71 ± 3.64% and 1.04 ± 4.35%, respectively; ICCs > 0.85). For LM, the Olshvang, Chien, and Lee DH equations showed the strongest agreement with DEXA (ICCs > 0.87).
CONCLUSIONS
The Hastuti and the ISAK 5 components model are recommended to estimate FP. For FM, we recommend the ISAK 5 components model, followed by Lee DH equations, and for LM, the Olshvang, Chien and Lee DH. Finally, we do not recommend the use of any of the Lee, Poortsman, or ISAK 5 components model equations to estimate LP in this population.
背景
准确评估身体成分对于监测高水平运动员的健康状况和运动表现至关重要。虽然人体测量方程在传统体育中广泛应用，但由于其假设脂肪和肌肉分布对称，在单侧下肢截肢运动员中的有效性仍不明确。本研究旨在以双能X线吸收法（DEXA）作为参考方法，评估人体测量方程在该人群中估计身体成分的同时效度和信度。
方法
对27名来自包括田径、游泳、铁人三项等残疾人运动项目的运动员（22名男性，5名女性；平均年龄32±7.4岁）进行了一项横断面研究。使用人体测量和DEXA来估计身体密度（BD）、脂肪百分比（FP）、瘦体重百分比（LP）、瘦体重（LM）和脂肪量（FM）。评估了47个人体测量方程。使用Pearson或Spearman相关系数评估效度，使用组内相关系数（ICC）评估信度，并通过Bland-Altman分析和简约主轴（RMA）回归评估一致性。
结果
对于FP，Hastuti方程和ISAK 5成分模型与DEXA显示出最接近的一致性（平均差异分别为0.7±4.55%和0.32±4.8%；ICC>0.83）。Durnin和Womersley与Siri方程也显示出高信度，但偏差较大（2.6±3.69%）。对于FM，ISAK 5成分模型和Lee DH方程显示出可接受的一致性（平均差异分别为-0.71±3.64%和1.04±4.35%；ICC>0.85）。对于LM，Olshvang、Chien和Lee DH方程与DEXA显示出最强的一致性（ICC>0.87）。
结论
推荐使用Hastuti方程和ISAK 5成分模型来估计FP。对于FM，推荐使用ISAK 5成分模型，其次是Lee DH方程；对于LM，推荐使用Olshvang、Chien和Lee DH方程。最后，不建议使用Lee、Poortsman或ISAK 5成分模型方程中的任何一个来估计该人群的LP。
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