Duan Detai, Li Xinyi, Zhou Xinyu, Xu Hengjun, Chen Jianxi, Zhang Boyan, Zhang Xinxin
Heilongjiang Research Center of Genuine Wild Medicinal Materials Germplasm Resources, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 11;15(1):25026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09450-9.
Saposhnikovia divaricata is a Level III nationally protected wild medicinal plant in China. Due to its high medicinal and economic value, its wild populations have been severely depleted in recent years. This study used the MaxEnt and Biomod2 models to identify the limiting factors, main environmental factors, and the impact of future climate change on the distribution of S. divaricata. Additionally, by incorporating future land use data, the study analyzed the effects of land use changes on the habitats of S. divaricata. To more effectively plan the wild tending areas, this study employed full subset regression to identify the environmental factors influencing the chromones of S. divaricata, and quantified their spatial distribution both currently and in the future. Finally, with the coupling of the above results by the Zonation, the priority protection areas for S. divaricata, as well as the orientation and comprehensive wild tending areas of the four chromones were planned. The results indicate that, in the future, upper climate change is projected to have an overall positive effect on the potential suitable habitat of S. divaricata, with the total suitable area increasing by approximately 3.85% under the 2090s-SSP370 scenario compared to the current. In contrast, under most scenarios, lower land use changes are expected to cause a decline in suitable habitat area within the current suitable area, with a reduction of about 4.66% under the 2090s-SSP126 scenario. The existing nature reserves cover only 13.13% of the HPPA areas for S. divaricata, indicating a serious lack of protection for the species. Based on this, the study has proposed a potential protection area for S. divaricata and recommends targeted wild tending in hotspot counties. The results of this study will contribute to the protection of wild resources and the restoration of S. divaricata populations, as well as provide new insights for the protection and utilization of other rare and endangered medicinal plants.
防风是中国国家三级保护野生药用植物。由于其具有较高的药用和经济价值，近年来其野生种群数量已严重减少。本研究使用MaxEnt和Biomod2模型来识别限制因素、主要环境因素以及未来气候变化对防风分布的影响。此外，通过纳入未来土地利用数据，该研究分析了土地利用变化对防风栖息地的影响。为了更有效地规划野生抚育区域，本研究采用全子集回归来识别影响防风色酮的环境因素，并量化其当前和未来的空间分布。最后，通过Zonation将上述结果进行耦合，规划了防风的优先保护区以及四种色酮的定向和综合野生抚育区域。结果表明，未来气候变化总体上预计会对防风的潜在适宜栖息地产生积极影响，在2090年代-SSP370情景下，适宜总面积相对于当前将增加约3.85%。相比之下，在大多数情景下，土地利用变化预计会导致当前适宜区域内适宜栖息地面积减少，在2090年代-SSP126情景下减少约4.66%。现有的自然保护区仅覆盖防风HPPA区域的13.13%，表明对该物种的保护严重不足。基于此，该研究提出了一个防风潜在保护区，并建议在热点县进行有针对性的野生抚育。本研究结果将有助于保护野生资源和恢复防风种群，也为其他珍稀濒危药用植物的保护和利用提供新的思路。
