Chan Vicky Wai Ki, Gebretsadik Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin, Panchal Pooja, Zhu Noya Yue, Mok Daniel Kam Wah, Chui Kwok Tai, Lo Kenneth Ka Hei
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle 0231, Ethiopia.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 26;17(13):2126. doi: 10.3390/nu17132126.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality globally. Growing studies have been conducted to examine the diet-CVD association to alleviate the health and economic burdens associated with CVDs, but beneficial dietary factors may vary by study region and cohort. There was a need to identify the trends in diet-CVD research by study region and current emerging dietary exposures of interest, which could inform areas for future research and the regions where evidence is relatively limited.
A comprehensive search of multiple databases was performed to identify eligible prospective cohorts examining diet-CVD associations published between 2019 and 2024. Trends in dietary exposure, including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients, were analyzed by publication year and geographical distribution.
A total of 298 studies were included in the review. While the United States continued to lead in the number of CVD-diet cohort studies, China has significantly increased its contributions over the past five years, increasing from 2.1% to 14.3%. The cohorts that contributed the most to the literature included the Nurses' Health Study and the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort. Although food groups accounted for the highest number with respect to dietary exposure overall, there was a notable shift in diet-CVD cohort studies from a focus on nutrients to dietary patterns. Plant-based and Mediterranean diets were the most frequently investigated, while ultra-processed foods and country-specific dietary indices also gained prominence.
This systematic review highlighted the shift towards dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology, emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of nutrition in health through holistic dietary approaches. The observed trends in dietary exposure research suggested the need for future studies to delve deeper into the complexities of dietary patterns, including how cultural and socioeconomic elements defined the nuances of country-specific dietary patterns.
背景/目的：心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要的死亡原因。越来越多的研究致力于探讨饮食与心血管疾病的关联，以减轻与心血管疾病相关的健康和经济负担，但有益的饮食因素可能因研究地区和队列而异。有必要按研究地区和当前新兴的感兴趣的饮食暴露情况确定饮食与心血管疾病研究的趋势，这可为未来研究领域及证据相对有限的地区提供参考。
对多个数据库进行全面检索，以确定2019年至2024年期间发表的关于饮食与心血管疾病关联的合格前瞻性队列研究。按发表年份和地理分布分析饮食暴露的趋势，包括饮食模式、食物类别和营养素。
本综述共纳入298项研究。虽然美国在心血管疾病饮食队列研究数量上仍居领先，但中国在过去五年中的贡献显著增加，从2.1%增至14.3%。对文献贡献最大的队列包括护士健康研究和丹麦饮食、癌症与健康队列。尽管总体而言食物类别在饮食暴露方面占比最高，但饮食与心血管疾病队列研究有一个显著转变，即从关注营养素转向关注饮食模式。植物性饮食和地中海饮食是研究最频繁的，而超加工食品和特定国家的饮食指数也日益受到关注。
本系统综述突出了营养流行病学向饮食模式的转变，强调了通过整体饮食方法理解营养在健康中的作用的重要性。饮食暴露研究中观察到的趋势表明，未来研究需要更深入地探究饮食模式的复杂性，包括文化和社会经济因素如何界定特定国家饮食模式的细微差别。
