Gómez-Mayordomo Víctor, Jiménez-García Rodrigo, Zamorano-León José J, Carabantes-Alarcón David, Bodas-Pinedo Andrés, Hernández-Barrera Valentín, López-de-Andrés Ana, Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad
Neurology Department, Vithas Madrid La Milagrosa University Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Vithas Hospital Group, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 2;14(13):4679. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134679.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two highly prevalent chronic conditions that often coexist in older adults. Their interaction may influence clinical outcomes, particularly during external stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and temporal trends of PD among hospitalized patients with T2DM in Spain (2017-2023), evaluate sex-based differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes, examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and identify predictors of PD diagnosis and in-hospital mortality (IHM). We conducted a retrospective, nationwide study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (RAE-CMBD). Adults aged ≥40 years hospitalized with T2DM were included. PD cases were identified using ICD-10 codes. Joinpoint regression assessed temporal trends, and multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with PD and IHM. Among 5.1 million T2DM-related hospitalizations, 107,931 (2.41%) involved PD. PD prevalence increased over time, particularly among women. Men accounted for most PD cases and were younger than their female counterparts. Depression and anxiety were more frequent in women and associated with PD in both sexes. IHM peaked at 14.6% in 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 outbreak. Predictors of IHM included older age, higher comorbidity burden, dementia, and COVID-19 diagnosis. The coexistence of PD and T2DM in hospitalized patients is associated with clinical complexity and increased mortality. Personalized, multidisciplinary care is essential to address sex-specific patterns, psychiatric comorbidities, and vulnerability to systemic stressors.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）和帕金森病（PD）是两种高度常见的慢性病，在老年人中常常并存。它们之间的相互作用可能会影响临床结局，尤其是在诸如新冠疫情等外部应激源期间。本研究旨在评估西班牙住院的T2DM患者中PD的患病率和时间趋势（2017 - 2023年），评估临床特征和结局方面基于性别的差异，研究新冠疫情的影响，并确定PD诊断和院内死亡率（IHM）的预测因素。我们使用西班牙国家医院出院数据库（RAE - CMBD）进行了一项全国性的回顾性研究。纳入年龄≥40岁因T2DM住院的成年人。使用国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）编码识别PD病例。Joinpoint回归评估时间趋势，多变量逻辑回归确定与PD和IHM相关的因素。在510万例与T2DM相关的住院病例中，107,931例（2.41%）涉及PD。PD患病率随时间增加，尤其是在女性中。男性占大多数PD病例，且比女性患者年轻。抑郁和焦虑在女性中更常见，并且在两性中都与PD相关。IHM在2020年达到峰值14.6%，与新冠疫情爆发时间一致。IHM的预测因素包括年龄较大、更高的合并症负担、痴呆和新冠诊断。住院患者中PD和T2DM的并存与临床复杂性增加和死亡率升高相关。个性化的多学科护理对于应对性别特异性模式、精神科合并症以及对全身应激源的易感性至关重要。
