Jarosz Sławomir, Pakulski Zbigniew
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
Molecules. 2025 Jun 24;30(13):2721. doi: 10.3390/molecules30132721.
Sucrose is by far the most abundant disaccharide found in nature, consisting of two simple hexose units: d-glucose and d-fructose. This exceptionally inexpensive and widely accessible raw material is produced in virtually limitless quantities. The vast majority is consumed in the food industry either in its native form-as commercial table sugar-or, to a lesser extent, as the basis for artificial sweeteners such as palatinose and sucralose. Beyond its dietary use, sucrose serves as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol, liquid crystals, biodegradable surfactants, and polymers. However, the application of this valuable and extremely cheap raw material (100% optical purity and eight stereogenic centers with precisely defined stereochemistry) in the synthesis of more sophisticated products remains surprisingly limited. In this short review, we focus on the strategic use of the sucrose scaffold in the design and synthesis of fine chemicals. Special attention will be paid to macrocyclic derivatives incorporating the sucrose backbone. These water-soluble structures show promise as molecular receptors within biological environments, offering unique advantages in terms of solubility, biocompatibility, and stereochemical precision.
蔗糖是迄今为止自然界中最丰富的二糖，由两个简单的己糖单元组成：d-葡萄糖和d-果糖。这种极其廉价且易于获取的原材料产量几乎无限。绝大多数蔗糖以其天然形式——作为商业食用糖——在食品工业中被消耗，或者在较小程度上，作为诸如帕拉金糖和三氯蔗糖等人工甜味剂的基础原料。除了用于饮食，蔗糖还用作生产生物乙醇、液晶、可生物降解表面活性剂和聚合物的原料。然而，这种有价值且极其廉价的原材料（100%光学纯度，具有精确确定立体化学的八个立体中心）在合成更复杂产品中的应用仍然令人惊讶地有限。在这篇简短的综述中，我们重点关注蔗糖骨架在精细化学品设计和合成中的策略性应用。将特别关注包含蔗糖主链的大环衍生物。这些水溶性结构有望作为生物环境中的分子受体，在溶解性、生物相容性和立体化学精度方面具有独特优势。
