Hao Lu, Yu Demei, Hou Xinyu, Zhao Yixuan
Department of Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 712000, China.
Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Higher Education Institutions for Ultra-Flexible Forming Technology of Electronic Glass, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 712000, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 23;18(13):2965. doi: 10.3390/ma18132965.
This review is different from previous studies focusing on polypyrrole (PPy) in universal fields such as sensors and supercapacitors. It is the first TO systematically review the specific applications of PPy-based electrospun nanofiber composites in the biomedical field, focusing on its biocompatibility regulation mechanism and tissue repair function. Although PPy exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity, redox activity, and biocompatibility, its clinical translation is hindered by processing challenges and poor degradability. These limitations can be significantly mitigated through composite strategies with degradable nanomaterials, enhancing both process compatibility and biofunctionality. Leveraging the morphological similarity between electrospun nanofibers and the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), this work comprehensively analyzes the topological characteristics of three composite fiber architectures-randomly distributed, aligned, and core-shell structures-and elucidates their application mechanisms in nerve regeneration, skin repair, bone mineralization, and myocardial tissue reconstruction (e.g., facilitating oriented cell migration and regulating differentiation through specific signaling pathway activation). The study further highlights critical challenges in the field, including PPy's poor solubility, limited spinnability, insufficient mechanical strength, and scalability limitations. Future efforts should prioritize the development of multifunctional gradient composites, intelligent dynamic-responsive scaffolds, and standardized biosafety evaluation systems to accelerate the substantive translation of these materials into clinical applications.
本综述不同于以往聚焦于聚吡咯（PPy）在传感器和超级电容器等通用领域应用的研究。这是首次系统综述基于PPy的电纺纳米纤维复合材料在生物医学领域的具体应用，重点关注其生物相容性调控机制和组织修复功能。尽管PPy具有卓越的导电性、氧化还原活性和生物相容性，但其临床转化受到加工挑战和降解性差的阻碍。通过与可降解纳米材料的复合策略，这些局限性可得到显著缓解，同时提高加工兼容性和生物功能。利用电纺纳米纤维与天然细胞外基质（ECM）之间的形态相似性，本研究全面分析了三种复合纤维结构——随机分布、排列和核壳结构——的拓扑特征，并阐明了它们在神经再生、皮肤修复、骨矿化和心肌组织重建中的应用机制（例如，通过特定信号通路激活促进定向细胞迁移和调节分化）。该研究进一步强调了该领域的关键挑战，包括PPy的溶解性差、可纺性有限、机械强度不足和可扩展性限制。未来的工作应优先开发多功能梯度复合材料、智能动态响应支架和标准化生物安全性评估系统，以加速这些材料向临床应用的实质性转化。
