Martina Šutovská, Molitorisová Miroslava, Mažerik Jozef, Uhliariková Iveta, Capek Peter
Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11161/4B, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia.
Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 22;26(13):5993. doi: 10.3390/ijms26135993.
Wild fruits are distributed worldwide, but are consumed mainly in developing countries, where they are an important part of the diet. Still, in many other countries, they are consumed only locally. Blackthorn ( L.) is an underutilized species rich in fibres and phenolic compounds, making it suitable as a potential functional food for supporting human health. Cold (Cw) and hot (Hw) water-extracted (poly)phenolic polysaccharide-protein complexes, differing in carbohydrate, phenolic and protein contents, were isolated from blackthorn fruits and characterized. The complexes exhibited molecular weights of 235,200 g/mol (Cw) and 218,400 g/mol (Hw), and were rich in pectic polymers containing galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose and rhamnose, indicating a dominance of homogalacturonan (HG) [→4)-α-D-GalA(1→4)-α-D-GalA(1→]n and a low content of RGI [→2)-α-L-Rha(1→4)-α-D-GalA(1→2)-α-L-Rha(1→]n sequences associated with arabinan or arabinogalactan. Minor content of glucan, probably starch-derived, was also solubilized. Pectic polysaccharides were highly esterified and partly acetylated. Pharmacological testing was performed in male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs, a model with human-like airway reflexes. Both complexes affected airway defense mechanisms. Particularly, Hw significantly suppressed citric acid-induced cough, similar to codeine, and reduced bronchoconstriction comparably to salbutamol in a dose-dependent manner. These findings support further exploration of Hw as a natural antitussive and bronchodilatory agent.
野生水果分布于世界各地，但主要在发展中国家被食用，在这些国家，它们是饮食的重要组成部分。然而，在许多其他国家，它们仅在当地被食用。黑刺李（Prunus spinosa L.）是一种未得到充分利用的物种，富含纤维和酚类化合物，使其适合作为支持人类健康的潜在功能性食品。从黑刺李果实中分离出了碳水化合物、酚类和蛋白质含量不同的冷水（Cw）和热水（Hw）提取的（多）酚类多糖 - 蛋白质复合物，并对其进行了表征。这些复合物的分子量分别为235,200 g/mol（Cw）和218,400 g/mol（Hw），富含含有半乳糖醛酸、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖的果胶聚合物，表明同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖（HG）[→4)-α-D-半乳糖醛酸(1→4)-α-D-半乳糖醛酸(1→]n占主导，与阿拉伯聚糖或阿拉伯半乳聚糖相关的鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖I（RGI）[→2)-α-L-鼠李糖(1→4)-α-D-半乳糖醛酸(1→2)-α-L-鼠李糖(1→]n序列含量较低。还溶解了少量可能源自淀粉的葡聚糖。果胶多糖高度酯化且部分乙酰化。在具有类似人类气道反射的雄性邓金 - 哈特利豚鼠模型中进行了药理测试。两种复合物都影响气道防御机制。特别是，Hw显著抑制柠檬酸诱导的咳嗽，与可待因相似，并以剂量依赖性方式与沙丁胺醇相当程度地减轻支气管收缩。这些发现支持进一步探索Hw作为天然镇咳和支气管扩张剂。
