Investigation of Anticonvulsant Potential of , , , and Extracts: In Vivo and In Silico Studies.

The current study evaluated the anticonvulsant properties of ethanolic extracts from , , and using integrated phytochemical, in vivo, biochemical, and computational approaches. Phytochemical analysis by UHPLC-HRMS/MS revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, notably flavonoids such as isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. In an electroshock-induced seizure model, extract (MAE, 100 mg/kg) demonstrated significant anticonvulsant effects, reducing both seizure duration and incidence, likely mediated by flavonoid interactions with GABA-A and 5-HT3A receptors, as suggested by target prediction and molecular docking analyses. The extracts of (AAE, 100 mg/kg) and (PIE, 50 mg/kg) exhibited moderate, non-significant anticonvulsant activities. At the same time, (VOE, 50 mg/kg) displayed considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but limited seizure protection. All extracts significantly reduced brain inflammation markers (TNF-α) and enhanced antioxidant defenses, as indicated by total thiols. Molecular docking further supported the interaction of key phytochemicals, including naringenin and chlorogenic acid, with human and mouse 5-HT3A receptors. Overall, extract exhibited promising therapeutic potential for epilepsy management, warranting further investigation into chronic seizure models and optimized dosing strategies.