van Hooijdonk C F M, Voulgaropoulou S, Podrzaj L, Wolvekamp D, van Amelsvoort T A M J, Leibold N K
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Frankfurt, Germany.
Neurosci Appl. 2024 Aug 6;3:104087. doi: 10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104087. eCollection 2024.
Mental health problems are highly prevalent worldwide. Stress can precipitate both the onset and recurrence of mental health problems. While many individuals are exposed to similar stressors, there is a large heterogeneity in sensitivity to stress and the extent to which someone subsequently develops mental health issues. A key factor that contributes to an individual's capacity to cope with adversity, referred to as resilience, is genetic variation. Here, we systematically reviewed the effects of genetic variation in the genes encoding the norepinephrine (NE) transporter and receptors on resilience- and mental health-related features in a transdiagnostic approach (i.e., without restrictions regarding factors such as diagnosis or age). Our search yielded 49 studies for inclusion. The current evidence highlights that 1) genetic variations in the NE system (particularly in the and genes) exert influence on some cognitive processes, especially attention and emotional memory; 2) genetic variants in the alpha-2a receptor might play a role in some personality traits; 3) deletion in the and genes seems to be related with altered activity of the amygdala during emotional memory tasks; 4) the link between NE variants and response to methylphenidate are inconclusive. Altogether, these studies provide evidence for a genetic effect of the noradrenergic system in specific resilience- and mental health-related individual characteristics. However, the number of available studies specifically investigating noradrenergic genes were limited, emphasizing the need to perform more research on the noradrenergic system, while taking into account factors such as age, sex, environment, and the potential interactions with other genes.
心理健康问题在全球范围内高度普遍。压力可促使心理健康问题的发作和复发。虽然许多人暴露于相似的压力源，但在对压力的敏感性以及随后出现心理健康问题的程度方面存在很大的异质性。一个有助于个体应对逆境的关键因素，即心理韧性，是基因变异。在此，我们采用跨诊断方法（即不限制诊断或年龄等因素）系统综述了编码去甲肾上腺素（NE）转运体和受体的基因中的基因变异对心理韧性和心理健康相关特征的影响。我们的检索产生了49项纳入研究。当前证据表明：1）NE系统中的基因变异（特别是在[具体基因1]和[具体基因2]基因中）对某些认知过程有影响，尤其是注意力和情绪记忆；2）α-2a受体中的基因变异可能在某些人格特质中起作用；3）[具体基因3]和[具体基因4]基因的缺失似乎与情绪记忆任务期间杏仁核的活动改变有关；4）NE变异与对哌甲酯反应之间的联系尚无定论。总之，这些研究为去甲肾上腺素能系统在特定的心理韧性和心理健康相关个体特征方面的遗传效应提供了证据。然而，专门研究去甲肾上腺素能基因的现有研究数量有限，强调需要对去甲肾上腺素能系统进行更多研究，同时考虑年龄、性别、环境以及与其他基因的潜在相互作用等因素。
