Dos Santos Carolina Meneses, Silva Francisco Walison Lima, de Souza Octávio P L, Canevari Thiago C, Santelli Ricardo Erthal, Saez Vivian M, Cincotto Fernando Henrique
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
LabNaHm: Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials Laboratory, Engineering School, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jul 15. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-06002-y.
This study presents a novel electrochemical sensor for ketoconazole determination, developed using an advanced hybrid material composed of fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots (F-Cdots) and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The redox behavior of the modified electrode was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, revealing an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.59 V, associated with the transfer of a single electron. The modified sensor exhibited a performance approximately 50% higher than that of the unmodified GCE. Square wave voltammetry was optimized for quantification, with the best results obtained in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 9. The sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 7.12 nmol L⁻ and a quantification limit of 23.49 nmol L⁻. A strong linear response (r = 0.999) was observed over a ketoconazole concentration range from 0.037 to 11.13 µmol L⁻. Its wide linear range represents a key advantage, increasing practical applicability and versatility in various analytical scenarios compared to previous methods. The sensor was successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations and tap water samples, achieving recovery rates between 88.8 and 103.6%. Furthermore, it demonstrated minimal interference from other compounds, highlighting its high selectivity and robustness for real applications in pharmaceutical quality control and environmental monitoring.
本研究提出了一种用于测定酮康唑的新型电化学传感器，该传感器是通过使用由氟掺杂碳量子点（F-Cdots）和氧化镍纳米颗粒（NiONPs）组成的先进混合材料修饰玻碳电极（GCE）而开发的。使用循环伏安法评估修饰电极的氧化还原行为，发现在0.59 V处有一个不可逆的氧化峰，与单电子转移有关。修饰后的传感器表现出比未修饰的GCE高出约50%的性能。方波伏安法经过优化用于定量分析，在pH值为9的0.1 M磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）中获得了最佳结果。该传感器的检测限低至7.12 nmol L⁻，定量限为23.49 nmol L⁻。在0.037至11.13 µmol L⁻的酮康唑浓度范围内观察到了很强的线性响应（r = 0.999）。其宽线性范围是一个关键优势，与以前的方法相比，在各种分析场景中提高了实际适用性和通用性。该传感器已成功应用于药物制剂和自来水样品的检测，回收率在88.8%至103.6%之间。此外，它对其他化合物的干扰极小，突出了其在药物质量控制和环境监测实际应用中的高选择性和稳健性。
