接受血液透析的肾脏替代治疗患者的健康自我认知与生活质量：一项病例对照研究。
Self-perception of health and quality of life in patients on renal replacement therapy undergoing hemodialysis: a case-control study.
作者信息
Gambin Diego José, Dallepiane Felipe Gomes, Saraiva Leonardo, Führ Marciele Cristiane Spanenberg, Piovesan Fabiana, Mirek Caroline, De Carli João Paulo, Trentin Micheline Sandini
机构信息
Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil.
Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
出版信息
Sao Paulo Med J. 2025 Jul 14;143(4):e2024144. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2024.0144.R1.14042025. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents challenges to human health and quality of life, with care primarily focusing on renal function and comorbidity management. Several studies confirm the relationship between oral and systemic conditions of patients. Therefore, CKD and periodontal disease can be related because they are both inflammatory conditions that further increase the risk of other pathologies. The impact of CKD on oral health and overall quality of life is an area of interest.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate patients with CKD undergoing renal replacement therapy regarding the levels of self-perception of oral health and quality of life.
DESIGN SETTING
This case-control study was conducted jointly at the Universidade de Passo Fundo and Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, Brazil.
METHODS
This study included two patient groups: 1) Case group with CKD (CGA) comprising 116 patients; 2) Control group without CKD (CGO) composed of 124 patients. We used a structured questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). We used the Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests as well as an analysis of variance measure (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
The systemic diseases most prevalent among our patient cohort included hypertension (16.9% CGO and 75.9% CGA) and diabetes mellitus (8.9% CGO and 38.8% CGA). The systemic health perception was good in 66.9% of the CGO group and average in 42.2% of CGA group members. Oral health perception was good in 46% of CGO and 50% of CGA group members. Results of the self-assessment for quality of life showed a statistically significant difference between the groups for physical domain, physical disability, and social disadvantage. A comparison between the control and case (CKD) groups, based on the OHIP-14 score, showed statistically significant differences in the functionality (P < 0.006), physical disability (P < 0.042), and social disadvantage (P < 0.031) domains for the CKD group.
CONCLUSION
Patients with CKD have lower rates of self-perception of oral health and quality of life than individuals without CKD.
背景
慢性肾脏病（CKD）对人类健康和生活质量构成挑战，护理主要集中在肾功能和合并症管理上。多项研究证实了患者口腔与全身状况之间的关系。因此，CKD与牙周病可能相关，因为它们都是炎症性疾病，会进一步增加其他疾病的风险。CKD对口腔健康和整体生活质量的影响是一个备受关注的领域。
目的
评估接受肾脏替代治疗的CKD患者的口腔健康自我认知水平和生活质量。
设计背景
本病例对照研究在巴西帕苏丰杜大学和圣保罗圣维森特医院联合开展。
方法
本研究包括两个患者组：1）CKD病例组（CGA），共116例患者；2）无CKD对照组（CGO），由124例患者组成。我们使用了一份结构化问卷和口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP - 14）。我们采用卡方检验、Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney检验以及方差分析（P < 0.05）。
结果
我们患者队列中最常见的全身性疾病包括高血压（CGO组为16.9%，CGA组为75.9%）和糖尿病（CGO组为8.9%，CGA组为38.8%）。CGO组66.9%的患者对全身健康的认知良好，CGA组42.2%的患者认知为一般。CGO组46%的患者和CGA组50%的患者对口腔健康的认知良好。生活质量自我评估结果显示，两组在身体领域、身体残疾和社会不利方面存在统计学显著差异。基于OHIP - 14评分，对照组与CKD病例组比较，CKD组在功能（P < 0.006）、身体残疾（P < 0.042）和社会不利（P < 0.031）领域存在统计学显著差异。
结论
与无CKD的个体相比，CKD患者的口腔健康和生活质量自我认知率较低。
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