Bonino F, Caporaso N, Dentico P, Marinucci G, Valeri L, Craxi A, Ascione A, Raimondo G, Piccinino F, Rocca G
J Hepatol. 1985;1(3):221-6. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(85)80049-0.
The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection was significantly higher among the relatives of 79 carriers of HBsAg with antibody to HDV (index cases) than among relatives of 111 carriers without serological evidence of HDV infection (controls). Antibody to HDV was found in 45 of the 80 (56%) carriers of HBsAg in families of index cases but only in 2 of 59 (3%) carriers in families of controls (P less than 0.0001). During follow-up new HDV infection developed in 31% of 13 susceptible carriers in families of index cases, but only in 1.2% of 162 susceptible carriers in families of controls (P less than 0.001). None of the family members previously unexposed to the hepatitis B virus had HDV markers in serum or developed this infection during the follow-up. Familial clustering shows that HDV is transmitted by personal contacts, presumably through the inapparent permucosal or percutaneous passage of virus during close or intimate contact. The family model indicates that endemic HDV is maintained and spread through the network of carriers in the community, and that HBsAg carriers in contact with HBsAg/HDV carriers are at high risk of contracting HDV.
在79名携带乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）且有丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）抗体的携带者（索引病例）的亲属中，HDV感染的流行率显著高于111名无HDV感染血清学证据的携带者（对照）的亲属。在索引病例家庭的80名HBsAg携带者中，有45名（56%）发现有HDV抗体，而在对照家庭的59名携带者中，只有2名（3%）发现有HDV抗体（P<0.0001）。在随访期间，索引病例家庭中13名易感携带者中有31%发生了新的HDV感染，而对照家庭中162名易感携带者中只有1.2%发生了新的HDV感染（P<0.001）。以前未接触过乙肝病毒的家庭成员在血清中均无HDV标志物，且在随访期间均未发生这种感染。家族聚集现象表明，HDV是通过人际接触传播的，推测是在密切或亲密接触过程中病毒经不显性的粘膜或经皮途径传播。家庭模型表明，地方性HDV通过社区中的携带者网络得以维持和传播，与HBsAg/HDV携带者接触的HBsAg携带者感染HDV的风险很高。
