Ludwig-Borycz Elizabeth, Lee Heejin, Ryan Lindsay H, Heeringa Steven G, McEvoy Claire T, Wolfson Julia A, Agrawal Arun, Langa Kenneth M, Leung Cindy W
School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Jul;21(7):e70480. doi: 10.1002/alz.70480.
The number of cases of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is expected to triple in the United States in the next three decades. Food insecurity may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. However, studies exploring the relationship between food insecurity and individual cognitive domains within the United States remain limited.
Data came from 1410 participants from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. Food insecurity was assessed in 2013, and cognition was assessed using the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol in 2016.
The prevalence of food insecurity was 13.1%. After adjusting for all covariates, food insecurity was inversely associated with executive functioning (β = -1.47, 95% CI -2.65, -0.28) but not significantly associated with memory, language, visuospatial functioning, or orientation.
Further research is needed to understand how food insecurity may influence executive function over time and to explore potential underlying mechanisms for this association.
After adjusting for age and sex with Bonferroni correction, food insecurity was inversely associated with scores on three of the five cognitive domains: memory (β = -2.67 95% CI -4.41, -0.94); executive functioning (β = -3.50 95% CI -4.62, -2.37); visuospatial (β = -3.18 95% CI -6.13, -0.24. After additional adjustment for other covariates, the inverse association between food insecurity and executive functioning remained statistically significant (β = -1.47 95% CI -2.65, -0.28). Other associations were attenuated and lost statistical significance.
预计在未来三十年里，美国阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症（ADRD）的病例数将增至三倍。粮食不安全可能是认知能力下降的一个风险因素。然而，在美国，探索粮食不安全与个体认知领域之间关系的研究仍然有限。
数据来自具有全国代表性的健康与退休研究中的1410名参与者。2013年评估了粮食不安全状况，2016年使用统一认知评估方案评估了认知能力。
粮食不安全的患病率为13.1%。在对所有协变量进行调整后，粮食不安全与执行功能呈负相关（β = -1.47，95%置信区间 -2.65，-0.28），但与记忆能力、语言能力、视觉空间功能或定向能力无显著关联。
需要进一步研究以了解粮食不安全如何随时间影响执行功能，并探索这种关联的潜在潜在机制。
在使用Bonferroni校正对年龄和性别进行调整后，粮食不安全与五个认知领域中的三个领域的得分呈负相关：记忆（β = -2.67，95%置信区间 -4.41，-0.94）；执行功能（β = -3.50，95%置信区间 -4.62，-2.37）；视觉空间（β = -3.18，95%置信区间 -6.13，-0.24）。在对其他协变量进行额外调整后，粮食不安全与执行功能之间的负相关在统计学上仍然显著（β = -1.47，95%置信区间 -2.65，-0.28）。其他关联减弱并失去了统计学意义。
