Splenial lesions of the corpus callosum: a comprehensive study on etiology, clinical presentation, radiological features, and prognostic insights.

The corpus callosum (CC), situated at the base of the interhemispheric fissure, serves as the largest transverse commissural fiber bundle connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. The posterior segment of the CC is referred to as the "splenium". A spectrum of congenital and acquired pathologies can affect the splenium, presenting with a heterogeneous and multifaceted clinical phenotype. Affected individuals often exhibit signs of hemispheric dysfunction and manifestations indicative of interhemispheric disconnection. MRI is recognized for its superior sensitivity and anatomical resolution in the depiction of CC lesions. Therefore, this study presented a comprehensive review, organization, and analysis of diseases involving splenial lesions of the corpus callosum. We detailed the etiology, clinical presentation, MRI characteristics, and prognosis of these conditions, aiming to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and inform the management of splenial CC lesions.