Kanmaz Mehmet Gümüş, Agani Sabah Genta, Balcı Melin, Erden Müfide Bengü
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Tinaztepe University, 35400- Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Tinaztepe University, Izmir, Turkey.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 17;25(1):1186. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06584-0.
Intraoral scanners are an essential part of modern digital dentistry, yet the influence of calibration on their accuracy remains underexplored. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of calibration on the scanning accuracy of the TRIOS 3 intraoral scanner after a noncalibrated period of 324 days.
Digital impressions of upper and lower full-arch phantom jaw models were obtained before and after calibration using the TRIOS 3 intraoral scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark; software version 22.1.1). A total of 20 scans (five before and five after calibration for each jaw) were acquired by a single experienced operator. Reference scans were obtained with an extraoral scanner (E4, 3Shape, Denmark). Linear measurements (intermolar and interpremolar) and three-dimensional superimposition parameters (Absolute Average, Root Mean Square, and (90-10)/2) were used to assess trueness and precision. All measurements were performed using Medit Link software (version 3.3.6; Medit).
Assessment of method error demonstrated excellent intrarater reliability for all trueness and precision parameters (ICC > 0.994, P < 0.001). Statistical analyses revealed minor differences in linear measurements and three-dimensional superimposition values before and after calibration, none of which reached statistical significance (P > 0.05). Regarding trueness, the upper jaw showed slightly increased Absolute Average (0.068 ± 0.004) and (90-10)/2 values (0.093 ± 0.006) after calibration compared to before calibration (0.065 ± 0.003 and 0.087 ± 0.006, respectively), while the lower jaw exhibited higher Root Mean Square values after calibration (0.088 ± 0.008) than before (0.076 ± 0.006). Precision results showed a slightly increased Absolute Average (0.029 ± 0.003), Root Mean Square (0.064 ± 0.006) and (90 - 10)/2 (0.036 ± 0.006) values in the upper jaw, and Root Mean Square (0.095 ± 0.010) values in the lower jaw after calibration. Trueness and precision of linear measurements also showed a general decrease after calibration in both jaws, though the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
The findings of this study show that the TRIOS 3 intraoral scanner maintained its accuracy without calibration for up to 324 days, suggesting that occasional deviations from manufacturer-recommended calibration intervals may not compromise scan quality. However, adherence to routine calibration is recommended until further evidence is available.
口腔内扫描仪是现代数字牙科的重要组成部分，然而校准对其准确性的影响仍未得到充分研究。本体外研究旨在评估在324天未校准期后校准对TRIOS 3口腔内扫描仪扫描准确性的影响。
使用TRIOS 3口腔内扫描仪（丹麦哥本哈根3Shape公司；软件版本22.1.1）在校准前后获取上下全牙弓模型的数字印模。由一名经验丰富的操作员共采集20次扫描（每个牙弓校准前和校准后各5次）。使用口外扫描仪（丹麦3Shape公司的E4）获取参考扫描。采用线性测量（磨牙间和前磨牙间）和三维叠加参数（绝对平均值、均方根和(90 - 10)/2）来评估准确性和精确性。所有测量均使用Medit Link软件（版本3.3.6；Medit）进行。
方法误差评估显示，所有准确性和精确性参数的评分者内可靠性极佳（ICC＞0.994，P＜0.001）。统计分析显示校准前后线性测量和三维叠加值存在微小差异，但均未达到统计学显著性（P＞0.05）。关于准确性，上颌在校准后绝对平均值（0.068±0.004）和(90 - 10)/2值（0.093±0.006）相较于校准前（分别为0.065±0.003和0.087±0.006）略有增加，而下颌在校准后均方根值（0.088±0.008）高于校准前（0.076±0.006）。精确性结果显示，上颌在校准后绝对平均值（0.029±0.003）、均方根（0.064±0.006）和(90 - 10)/2（0.036±0.006）值略有增加，下颌在校准后均方根值（0.095±0.010）增加。校准后，上下颌线性测量的准确性和精确性也普遍下降，尽管差异无统计学显著性（P＞0.05）。
本研究结果表明，TRIOS 3口腔内扫描仪在长达324天未校准的情况下仍能保持其准确性，这表明偶尔偏离制造商推荐的校准间隔可能不会影响扫描质量。然而，在获得进一步证据之前，建议坚持进行常规校准。
