Gong Xiao-Gang, Wang Le-Peng, Yang Ling-Ling, Liu Feng, Zhang Dao-Ning, Zhang A-Yuan
Department of Medicine, College of Special Education, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
School of Humanities, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 3;13:1586011. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1586011. eCollection 2025.
Cognitive impairment in older adults poses a growing burden on global healthcare systems, especially in resource-limited communities. Baduanjin exercise, a low-cost traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, demonstrates considerable potential for assisting older adults in managing cognitive impairment. However, there is no consensus regarding its efficacy. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise in ameliorating cognitive impairment in older adults.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through January 30, 2025, were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese databases (CSTJ, CNKI, Wanfang). Two reviewers independently conducted trial selection, assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and extracted data in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Seven RCTs involving 539 community-dwelling older adults met the inclusion criteria.
Baduanjin exercise significantly improved global cognitive function [mean difference (MD) = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.53 to 2.76; 0.00001], memory (standardized mean difference = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80; 0.00001), executive function (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.44; 0.007), and physical health (MD = -0.86; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.46; 0.00001). No included study reported adverse effects related to Baduanjin exercise.
These findings indicate that Baduanjin exercise can effectively improve cognitive impairment in older adults. Nevertheless, further rigorously designed RCTs are required to confirm these findings.
International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY) under the registration number INPLASY202460007, https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-6-0007/.
老年人的认知障碍给全球医疗保健系统带来了日益沉重的负担，尤其是在资源有限的社区。八段锦锻炼作为一种低成本的中国传统身心锻炼方式，在帮助老年人管理认知障碍方面显示出巨大潜力。然而，其疗效尚无定论。本荟萃分析旨在评估八段锦锻炼改善老年人认知障碍的可行性和有效性。
在PubMed、科学网、考克兰图书馆、Embase、ClinicalTrials.gov和中文数据库（CSTJ、CNKI、万方）中检索截至2025年1月30日发表的随机对照试验（RCT）。两名 reviewers 独立进行试验筛选，使用考克兰偏倚风险工具评估方法学质量，并根据PRISMA指南提取数据。七项涉及539名社区居住老年人的RCT符合纳入标准。
八段锦锻炼显著改善了整体认知功能[平均差（MD）=2.15；95%置信区间，1.53至2.76；P = 0.00001]、记忆力（标准化平均差=0.59；95%置信区间，0.38至0.80；P = 0.00001）、执行功能（SMD = 0.26；95%置信区间，0.07至0.44；P = 0.007）和身体健康状况（MD = -0.86；95%置信区间，-0.26至-0.46；P = 0.00001）。纳入的研究均未报告与八段锦锻炼相关的不良反应。
这些结果表明，八段锦锻炼可以有效改善老年人的认知障碍。然而，需要进一步设计严谨的RCT来证实这些结果。
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